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DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272568
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Neue Therapieansätze bei Herzinsuffizienz
New therapeutic approaches in heart failurePublication History
eingereicht: 7.2.2011
akzeptiert: 3.3.2011
Publication Date:
29 March 2011 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Die chronische Herzinsuffizienz gehört zu den häufigsten Todesursachen in westlichen Ländern. Bei der Herzinsuffizienz mit erhaltener Ejektionsfraktion konnte bisher durch keine Studie eine Abnahme der Sterblichkeit oder Morbidität belegt werden. Bei systolischer Herzinsuffizienz hingegen wurde in den letzten Jahren durch Medikamente und Geräte die Prognose verbessert. Seit Verfassung der letzten Therapieleitlinien für die Herzinsuffizienz sind weitere Ergebnisse publiziert worden, die in der Behandlung berücksichtigt werden sollten. Die Gabe von niedrig dosierten Aldosteronantagonisten zusätzlich zu ACE-Hemmern und Betablockern vermindert bei hochgradig eingeschränkter Pumpfunktion bereits im NYHA-Stadium II die Sterblichkeit und die Zahl der Krankenhausaufnahmen. Bei der Therapie muss auf Hyperkaliämien geachtet werden. Eine Ruheherzfrequenz über 70/min ist bei systolischer Herzinsuffizienz ein unabhängiger Risikofaktor. Persistiert diese hohe Herzfrequenz trotz maximal tolerierter Betablockerdosis, können durch zusätzliche Einnahme von Ivabradin zur isolierten Herzfrequenzsenkung Krankenhauseinweisungen wegen Verschlechterung der Herzinsuffizienz vermindert werden. Ein Eisenmangel sollte zur Verbesserung der Symptomatik und Belastbarkeit unabhängig vom Vorliegen einer Anämie ausgeglichen werden. Bei hochgradig eingeschränkter Pumpfunktion (Ejektionsfraktion < 30 %) und einer QRS-Komplexbreite ≥ 150 ms ist bereits bei milden Symptomen eine kardiale Resynchronisationstherapie (CRT) zur Vermeidung von Hospitalisationen zu erwägen.
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is one of the most common causes of death in western countries. For heart failure with preserved systolic function thus far no reduction of mortality or morbidity could be demonstrated in clinical trials. Conversely, prognosis of systolic heart failure has been improved by the introduction of various drugs and devices in recent years. Since the publication of the latest heart failure guidelines, additional results from clinical studies have been obtained, which should be considered in patient treatment. In patients with severe systolic dysfunction the addition of low dose aldosterone antagonists to an ACE inhibitor and betablocker reduced mortality and hospitalizations already in functional class NYHA II. A resting heart rate above 70 bpm is an independent risk factor in systolic heart failure. If this high heart rate persists despite the maximal tolerated betablocker dose, isolated heart rate reduction by ivabradine may lower the rate of hospital admissions due to worsening heart failure. Iron deficiency should be substituted independently of the presence of anemia to improve symptoms and exercise capacity. In patients with severe systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction < 30 %) and a wide QRS complex ≥ 150 ms cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be considered even when only mild symptoms are present to reduce hospitalizations.
Schlüsselwörter
Herzinsuffizienz - Therapie - Aldosteronantagonist - Ivabradin - Resynchronisation - Anämie
Keywords
heart failure - therapy - aldosteron antagonist - ivabradine - resynchronization - anemia
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Prof. Dr. med. Uta C. Hoppe
Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität
zu Köln
Kerpener Straße 62
50937
Köln
Phone: 0221/478 32396
Fax: 0221/478 32397
Email: Uta.Hoppe@uni-koeln.de