Finger Blood Pressure During Leg Resistance Exercise

Abstract

Blood pressure (BP) assessment during resistance exercise can be useful to avoid high BP, reducing cardiovascular risk, especially in hypertensive individuals. However, non-invasive accurate technique for this purpose is not available. The aim of this study was to compare finger photoplethysmographic (FPP) and intra-arterial BP values and responses during resistance exercise. Eight non-medicated hypertensive subjects (5 males, 30–60 years) were evaluated during pre-exercise resting period and during three sets of the knee extension exercise performed at 80% of 1RM until fatigue. BP was measured simultaneously by FPP and intra-arterial methods. Data are mean±SD. Systolic BP was significantly higher with FPP than with intra-arterial: at pre-exercise (157±13 vs. 152±10 mmHg; p<0.01) and the mean (202±29 vs. 198±26 mmHg; p<0.01), and the maximal (240±26 vs. 234±16 mmHg; p<0.05) values achieved during exercise. The increase in systolic BP during resistance exercise was similar between FPP and intra-arterial (+73±29 vs. +71±18 mmHg; p=0.59). Diastolic BP values and increases were lower with FPP. In conclusion, FPP provides similar values of BP increment during resistance exercise than intra-arterial method. However, it overestimates by 2.6±6.1% the maximal systolic BP achieved during this mode of exercise and underestimates by 8.8±5.8% the maximal diastolic BP.

Key words

finger photoplethysmography - intra-arterial - blood pressure measurement - strength exercise

References

• 1 American College of Sports Medicine position stand. . Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;  41 687-708
• 2 Armstrong L, Balady GJ, Berry MJ, Davis SE, Davy BM, Davy KP, Franklin BA, Gordon NF, Lee I-m, McConnell T, Myers JN, Pizza FX, Rowland TW, Stewart K, Thompson PD, Wallace JP. (eds) Exercise Prescription Modifications for Cardiac Patients.. In: Whaley MH, Brubaker PH, Otto RM. ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing & Prescription. Baltimore: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Inc; 2006: 174-204
• 3 Baron JF, Camus C, Chemla D, Duranteau R, Grès BD, Coussaye JEL, Mallédant Y, Mantz J, Martin C, Marty J, Ravussin P, Riou B, Teboul JL. French Society of Anesthesia and Intensive Care. Arterial catheterization and invasive measurement of blood pressure in anesthesia and intensive care in adults.  Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 1995;  14 444-453
• 4 Bland JM, Altman DG. Measuring agreement in method comparison studies.  Stat Methods Med Res. 1999;  8 135-160
• 5 Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo Jr JL, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright Jr JT, Roccella EJ. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report.  JAMA. 2003;  289 2560-2572
• 6 Chodzko-Zajko WJ, Proctor DN, Fiatarone Singh MA, Minson CT, Nigg CR, Salem GJ, Skinner JS. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;  41 1510-1530
• 7 Cornelissen VA, Fagard RH. Effect of resistance training on resting blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.  J Hypertens. 2005;  23 251-259
• 8 Fleck SJ, Dean LS. Resistance-training experience and the pressor response during resistance exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1987;  63 116-120
• 9 Guelen I, Westerhof BE, van der Sar GL, van Montfrans GA, Kiemeneij F, Wesseling KH, Bos WJ. Validation of brachial artery pressure reconstruction from finger arterial pressure.  J Hypertens. 2008;  26 1321-1327
• 10 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. International Journal of Sports Medicine – Ethical Etandards in Sport and Exercise Science Research.  Int J Sports Med. 2009;  30 701-702
• 11 Hatzaras I, Tranquilli M, Coady M, Barrett PM, Bible J, Elefteriades JA. Weight lifting and aortic dissection: more evidence for a connection.  Cardiology. 2007;  107 103-106
• 12 Haykowsky MJ, Findlay JM, Ignaszewski AP. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with weight training: three case reports.  Clin J Sport Med. 1996;  6 52-55
• 13 Imholz BP, Wieling W, van Montfrans GA, Wesseling KH. Fifteen years experience with finger arterial pressure monitoring: assessment of the technology.  Cardiovasc Res. 1998;  38 605-616
• 14 Kraemer WJ, Fry AC. Strength testing: development and evaluation of methodology. In: Maud PJ, Foster C, (eds). Physiological assessment of human fitness. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1995: 115-138
• 15 Lamotte M, Niset G, van de Borne P. The effect of different intensity modalities of resistance training on beat-to-beat blood pressure in cardiac patients.  Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2005;  12 12-17
• 16 Lin LI. A concordance correlation coefficient to evaluate reproducibility.  Biometrics. 10989;  45 255-268
• 17 MacDougall JD, Tuxen D, Sale DG, Moroz JR, Sutton JR. Arterial blood pressure response to heavy resistance exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1985;  58 785-790
• 18 Nery SS, Gomides RS, Silva GV, Forjaz CLM, Mion-Jr D, Tinucci T. Intra-arterial blood pressure response in hypertensive subjects during low and high intensity resistance exercise.  Clinics. 2010;  in press
• 19 Palatini P, Mos L, Munari L, Valle F, Del Torre M, Rossi A, Varotto L, Macor F, Martina S, Pessina AC, Dal Palù C. Blood pressure changes during heavy-resistance exercise.  J Hypertens Suppl. 1989;  7 S72-S73
• 20 Parati G, Casadei R, Groppelli A, Di Rienzo M, Mancia G. Comparison of finger and intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring at rest and during laboratory testing.  Hypertension. 1989;  13 647-655
• 21 Penaz J. Photoelectric measurement of blood pressure, volume and flow in the finger.. In: Albert R, Vogt WS, and, Helberg W Digest of the International Conference on Medicine and Biological Engineering. Dresden: International Conference on Medicine and Biological Engineering; 1973: 104
• 22 Wiecek EM, McCartney N, McKelvie RS. Comparison of direct and indirect measures of systemic arterial pressure during weightlifting in coronary artery disease.  Am J Cardiol. 1990;  66 1065-1069
• 23 Williams MA, Haskell WL, Ades PA, Amsterdam EA, Bittner V, Franklin BA, Gulanick M, Laing ST, Stewart KJ. Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism.  Circulation. 2007;  116 572-584

Correspondence