Ernährung & Medizin 2010; 25(1): 44-48
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1248843
VFED
© Hippokrates Verlag in MVS Medizinverlage Stuttgart GmbH & Co. KG

Frühstück – die wichtigste Mahlzeit des Tages?

Maria-E. Herrmann, Bettina Hermey1
  • 1Nach einem Vortrag anlässlich der 17. Aachener Diätetik Fortbildung des VFED e.V., 18.–20.9.2009
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
17 March 2010 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Für Generationen war Frühstück die wichtigste Mahlzeit des Tages. Inzwischen wird jedoch weltweit ein Trend zum Verzicht auf das Frühstück festgestellt. Die Auswirkungen dieses Verzichts und die Bedeutung der ersten Mahlzeit des Tages werden hier untersucht. Berücksichtigt wurden rund 120 wissenschaftliche Arbeiten aus dem Zeitraum 1998–2008. Ein Auslassen des Frühstücks hinterlässt ein Nährstoffdefizit (Energie, Vitamine, Mineralstoffe), das mit späteren Mahlzeiten des Tages kaum aufgeholt werden kann. Dies wirkt sich auf das körperliche und geistige Wohlbefinden und die Leistungsfähigkeit aus. Menschen, die regelmäßig frühstücken, sind zudem tendenziell schlanker. Ein gesundes Frühstück ist also nach wie vor die beste Basis für den Tag.

Literatur

  • 1 Rampersaud G C, Pereira M A, Girard B L et al.. Breakfast habits, nutritional status, body weight, and academic performance in children and adolescents.  J Am Diet Assoc. 2005;  105 743-760
  • 2 Mensink G B, Kleiser C, Richter A. Lebensmittelverzehr bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Ergebnisse des Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurveys (KiGGS).  Bundesgesundheitsbl. 2007;  50 609-623
  • 3 UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre .Child poverty in perspective. An overview of child well-being in rich countries [Innocenti Report Card 7]. Florence: UNICEF; 2007
  • 4 Cho S, Dietrich M, Brown C, Clark C, Block G. The effects of breakfast type on total daily energy intake and body mass index: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).  J Am Coll Nutr. 2003;  22 296-302
  • 5 Siega-Riz A M, Popkin B M, Carson T. Differences in food patterns at breakfast by sociodemographic characteristics among a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States.  Prev Med. 2000;  30 415-424
  • 6 Vanelli M, Iovane B, Bernardini A et al.. Breakfast habits of 1,202 northern Italian children admitted to a summer sport school. Breakfast skipping is associated with overweight and obesity.  Acta Biomed. 2005;  76 79-85
  • 7 Samuelson G. Dietary habits and nutritional status in adolescents over Europe. An overview of current studies in the Nordic countries.  Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000;  54 S21-S28
  • 8 Sjöberg A, Hallberg L, Höglund D, Hulthèn L. Meal pattern, food choice, nutrient intake and lifestyle factors in The Göteborg Adolescence Study.  Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;  57 1569-1578
  • 9 Keski-Rahkonen A, Kaprio J, Rissanen A et al.. Breakfast skipping and health-compromising behaviors in adolescents and adults.  Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;  57 842-853
  • 10 Kant A K, Graubard B I. Secular trends in patterns of self-reported food consumption of adult Americans: NHANES 1971–1975 to NHANES 1999–2002.  Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;  84 1215-1223
  • 11 Song W O, Chun O K, Obayashi S et al.. Is consumption of breakfast associated with body mass index in US adults?.  J Am Diet Assoc. 2005;  105 1373-1382
  • 12 Utter J, Scragg R, Mhurchu C, Schaaf D. At-home breakfast consumption among New Zealand children: Association with body mass index and related nutrition behaviors.  J Am Diet Assoc. 2007;  107 570-576
  • 13 Timlin M T, Pereira M A, Story M, Neumark-Sztainer D. Breakfast eating and weight change in a 5-year prospective analysis of adolescents: Project EAT (Eating Among Teens).  Pediatrics. 2008;  121 e638-e645
  • 14 Hufnagl R, Scheil M. Familienfrühstück und Schulbeginn.  Ernährung im Fokus. 2008;  8 318-325
  • 15 [Anonym]. Nielsen Panel Views: Food – Frühstücksverhalten. Frankfurt: The Nielsen Company (Germany) GmbH; 2008
  • 16 Kaufmännische Krankenkasse KKH .KKH-Umfrage: Neun Prozent der Deutschen verzichten auf das Frühstück [Pressemitteilung vom 18.07.2008]. http://www.kkh.de
  • 17 Smith A P. Breakfast cereal consumption and subjective reports of health by young adults.  Nutr Neurosci. 2003;  6 59-61
  • 18 Timlin M T, Pereira M A. Breakfast frequency and quality in the etiology of adult obesity and chronic diseases.  Nutr Rev. 2007;  65 268-281
  • 19 Liu S, Sesso H, Manson J, Willett W, Buring J. Is intake of breakfast cereals related to total and cause-specific mortality in men?.  Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;  77 594-599
  • 20 Kleemola P, Puska P, Vartiainen E et al.. The effect of breakfast cereal on diet and serum cholesterol: a randomized trial in North Karelia, Finland.  Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999;  53 716-721
  • 21 Farshchi H, Taylor M, Macdonald I. Deleterious effects of omitting breakfast on insulin sensitivity and fasting lipid profiles in healthy lean women.  Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;  81 388-396
  • 22 Serra-Majem L. Vitamin and mineral intakes in European children.  Is food fortification needed? Public Health Nutr. 2001;  4 101-107
  • 23 Nicklas T, O’Neil C, Myers L. The importance of breakfast consumption to nutrition of children, adolescents, and young adults.  Nutrition Today. 2004;  39 30-39
  • 24 Barton B, Eldridge A, Thompson D. The relationship of breakfast and cereal consumption to nutrient intake and body mass index: The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study.  J Am Diet Assoc. 2005;  105 1383-1389
  • 25 Affenito S, Thompson D, Barton B. Breakfast consumption by African-American and white adolescent girls correlates positively with calcium and fiber intake and negatively with body mass index.  J Am Diet Assoc. 2005;  105 938-945
  • 26 Giovannini M, Verduci E, Scaglioni S et al.. Breakfast: a good habit, not a repetitive custom.  J Int Med Res. 2008;  36 613-624
  • 27 Matthys C, De Henauw S, Bellemans M et al.. Breakfast habits affect overall nutrient profiles in adolescents.  Public Health Nutr. 2007;  10 413-421
  • 28 Preziosi P, Galan P, Deheeger M et al.. Breakfast type, daily nutrient intakes and vitamin and mineral status of French children, adolescents, and adults.  J Am Coll Nutr. 1999;  18 171-178
  • 29 Nicklas T, O’Neil C, Berenson G. Nutrient contribution of breakfast, secular trends, and the role of ready-to-eat cereals: a review of data from the Bogalusa Heart Study.  Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;  67 757S-763S
  • 30 Albertson A, Anderson G, Crockett S, Goebel M. Ready-to-eat cereal consumption: its relationship with BMI and nutrient intake of children aged 4 to 12 years.  J Am Diet Assoc. 2003;  103 1613-1619
  • 31 Kafatos A, Linardakis M, Bertsias G et al.. Consumption of ready-to-eat cereals in relation to health and diet indicators among school adolescents in Crete, Greece.  Ann Nutr Metab. 2005;  49 165-172
  • 32 Van den Boom A, Serra-Majem L, Ribas L et al.. The contribution of ready-to-eat cereals to daily nutrient intake and breakfast quality in a Mediterranean setting.  J Am Coll Nutr. 2006;  25 135-143
  • 33 Gibson S. Micronutrient intakes, micronutrient status and lipid profiles among young people consuming different amounts of breakfast cereals: further analysis of data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of Young People aged 4 to 18 years.  Public Health Nutr. 2003;  6 815-820
  • 34 Gibson S. Iron intake and iron status of preschool children; associations with breakfast cereals, vitamin C and meat.  Public Health Nutr. 1999;  2 521-528
  • 35 Pollitt E, Mathews R. Breakfast and cognition: an integrative summary.  Am J Clin Nutr. 1998;  67 804S-813S
  • 36 Kaiser B, Kersting M. Frühstücksverzehr und kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit von Kindern – Eine Auswertung von Literaturbefunden.  Ernährung im Fokus. 2001;  1 5-13
  • 37 Taras H. Nutrition and student performance at school.  J School Health. 2005;  75 199-213
  • 38 Lien L. Is breakfast consumption related to mental distress and academic performance in adolescents?.  Public Health Nutr. 2007;  10 422-428
  • 39 Benton D, Jarvis M. The role of breakfast and a mid-morning snack on the ability of children to concentrate at school.  Physiol Behav. 2007;  90 382-385
  • 40 López-Sobaler A, Ortega R, Quintas M et al.. Relationship between habitual breakfast and intellectual performance (logical reasoning) in well-nourished schoolchildren of Madrid (Spain).  Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;  57 S49-53
  • 41 Berkey C, Rockett H, Gillman M. Longitudinal study of skipping breakfast and weight change in adolescents.  Intern J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;  27 1258-1266
  • 42 Benton D, Maconie A, Williams C. The influence of the glycaemic load of breakfast on the behaviour of children in school.  Physiol Behav. 2007;  92 717-724
  • 43 Grantham-McGregor S. Can the provision of breakfast benefit school performance?.  Food Nutr Bull. 2005;  26 144-158
  • 44 Smith A. Stress, breakfast cereal consumption and cortisol.  Nutr Neurosci. 2002;  5 141-144
  • 45 Nabb S, Benton D. The influence on cognition of the interaction between the macro-nutrient content of breakfast and glucose tolerance.  Physiol Behav. 2006;  87 16-23
  • 46 Wesnes K, Pincock C, Richardson D et al.. Breakfast reduces declines in attention and memory over the morning in schoolchildren.  Appetite. 2003;  41 329-331
  • 47 Ingwersen J, Defeyter M, Kennedy D et al.. A low glycaemic index breakfast cereal preferentially prevents children’s cognitive performance from declining throughout the morning.  Appetite. 2007;  49 240-244
  • 48 Purslow L, Sandhu M, Forouhi N et al.. Energy intake at breakfast and weight change: Prospective study of 6,764 middle-aged men and women.  Am J Epidemiol. 2008;  167 188-192
  • 49 de la Hunty A, Ashwell M. Are people who regularly eat breakfast cereals slimmer than those who don’t? A systematic review of the evidence.  Nutrition Bulletin. 2007;  32 118-128
  • 50 Ma Y, Bertone E, Stanek E et al.. Association between eating patterns and obesity in a free-living US adult population.  Am J Epidemiol. 2003;  158 85-92
  • 51 Bertrais S, Polo L M, Preziosi P et al.. Contribution of ready-to-eat cereals to nutrition intakes in French adults and relations with corpulence.  Ann Nutr Metabol. 2000;  44 249-255
  • 52 Neumark-Sztainer D, Wall M, Haines J et al.. Why does dieting predict weight gain in adolescents? Findings from Project EAT-II: A 5-year longitudinal study.  J Am Diet Assoc. 2007;  107 448-455
  • 53 Fiore H, Travis S, Whalen A et al.. Potentially protective factors associated with healthful body mass index in adolescents with obese and nonobese parents: A secondary data analysis of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994.  J Am Diet Assoc. 2006;  106 55-64
  • 54 Bazzano L, Song Y, Bubes V et al.. Dietary intake of whole and refined grain breakfast cereals and weight gain in men.  Obes Res. 2005;  13 1952-1960
  • 55 Affenito S. Breakfast: a missed opportunity [Research Editorial].  J Am Diet Assoc. 2007;  107 565-569
  • 56 Mensink G B, Heseker H, Richter A et al.. Forschungsbericht Ernährungsstudie als KiGGS-Modul (EsKiMo) im Auftrag des BMELV. Bonn: Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz; 2007 http://www.bmelv.de
  • 57 Max Rubner-Institut Hrsg.. Nationale Verzehrsstudie II. Ergebnisbericht, Teil 2. Karlsruhe: Max Rubner-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ernährung und Lebensmittel; 2008 http://www.bmelv.de
  • 58 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung Hrsg.. Vollwertig Essen und Trinken nach den 10 Regeln der DGE. Bonn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung; 2004 http://www.dge.de

Dr. Bettina Hermey

Kellogg (Deutschland) GmbH

Auf der Muggenburg 30

28217 Bremen

Email: bettina.hermey@kellogg.com

Prof. Dr. Maria-E. Herrmann

Fachhochschule Osnabrück

Fakultät Agrarwissenschaften und Landschaftsarchitektur

Oldenburger Landstr. 24

49090 Osnabrück

    >