Zusammenfassung
Die optische Kohärenztomografie (OCT) ist in den letzten Jahren zu einem wichtigen
diagnostischen Verfahren in der Augenheilkunde geworden. Zusätzlich zu der Ophthalmoskopie
sowie der topografischen Darstellung von Pathologien des Augenhintergrunds mittels
Fluorescein- und Indocyaningrün-Angiografie fügt die OCT als weiteres bildgebendes
Verfahren tomografische Informationen retinaler Strukturen hinzu. Schon die OCT-Geräte
der ersten Generationen (time domain) zeigten dem histologischen Querschnitt der Netzhaut
ähnliche Bilder. Mittels der neuen Geräte der Spectral/Frequency/Fourier-Domain-Generation
können topografische und tomografische Informationen in unterschiedlichem Maße auch
nebeneinander oder kombiniert angezeigt werden, was die Genauigkeit der Lokalisation
dargestellter Strukturen erhöht. Aufgrund der nicht invasiven Methodik ohne Kontakt
zum Patientenauge und den immer kürzer werdenden Aufnahmezeiten mit immer höherer
Bildauflösung ist die OCT zu einem wertvollen Instrument in der modernen anatomisch-strukturellen
Makuladiagnostik geworden. Funktionelle Aussagen sind mittels OCT noch nicht im breiten
Rahmen möglich, erste Ansätze zeigen sich jedoch in der Auswertung struktureller Informationen
aus hochauflösenden Aufnahmen. Im folgenden Artikel soll auf die sich durch den breiten
Gebrauch der OCT eröffnenden Möglichkeiten, aber auch auf die sich zeigenden Grenzen
dieser diagnostischen Technik eingegangen werden.
Abstract
During the last years, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has evolved to an important
diagnostic tool in ophthalmology. In addition to ophthalmoscopy and the topographic
visualisation of pathologies of the posterior part of the eye by fluorescein and indocyanine-green
angiography, OCT adds complementary tomographic information on the retinal structures.
First generation (time domain) OCT machines already generated pictures that resemble
histological cross-sections of the retina. With the new OCTs of the spectral/frequency/Fourier
domain generation, topographic and tomographic information can be presented side-by-side
or in combination, thereby increasing the accuracy of the localisation of the visualised
structures. Because of its non-invasive methodology without contact to the patient’s
eye and the faster acquisition times with increasing resolution, the OCT has become
a valuable instrument in the modern anatomic and structural diagnostics of the macula.
Functional statements are not yet possible in a comprehensive manner, but first steps
have been made with the interpretation of structural information from high-resolution
images. In this paper, the emerging possibilities from a widespread use of the OCT,
as well as the limitations of this diagnostic technique, are discussed.
Schlüsselwörter
optische Kohärenztomografie - Time Domain - Frequency Domain - Retina - Struktur -
Darstellung
Key words
optical coherence tomography - time domain - frequency domain - Retina - structure
- visualisation
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Dr. Maria Andreea Gamulescu
Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg
Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11
93053 Regensburg
Phone: ++ 49/9 41/9 44 92 01
Fax: ++ 49/9 41/9 44 92 02
Email: agamulescu@web.de
