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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1244841
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Operative Therapie des Nierenzellkarzinoms
Surgical treatment for renal cell carcinomaPublication History
eingereicht: 19.7.2009
akzeptiert: 1.10.2009
Publication Date:
02 February 2010 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Das Nierenzellkarzinom ist chemoresistent und strahlenresistent, damit bleibt als einzige potentiell kurative Therapieoption die chirurgische Exzision des Tumors entweder als radikale Tumornephrektomie oder als organerhaltende Tumorexzision. Dank der verbesserten radiologischen Bildgebung werden heutzutage bis zu 75 % der Nierentumoren inzidentell im asymptomatischen Stadium entdeckt. Die 10-Jahres-tumorspezifischen Überlebensraten liegen für organbegrenzte Tumoren (T1,T2) nach R0-Exzision über 90 %. Auch lokal fortgeschrittene Tumoren (T3) können mit 5-Jahres-tumorspezifischen Überlebensraten > 65 % behandelt werden. Im Falle von Nierentumoren in einer Einzelniere oder synchron in beiden Nieren sind gute funktionelle und onkologische Langzeitergebnisse durch einen organerhaltenden Eingriff (imperative Indikation) erreichbar. Tumoren in T1-Stadien (Tumorgröße < 7 cm) lassen sich meist organerhaltend exzidieren, auch wenn eine gesunde Gegenniere existiert (elektive Indikation), da der organerhaltende Eingriff langfristig die Nierenfunktion sichert.
Minimal invasive Verfahren bieten die Möglichkeit, auch multimorbide Patienten operativ zu kurieren. Welches operative Verfahren letztendlich angewandt wird, ist zum einen abhängig von Größe und Lokalisation des Tumors und zum anderen von Indikationsstellung (elektiv oder imperativ), Alter und Allgemeinzustand des Patienten und Präferenz des Operateurs.
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is chemoresistent and radio-therapy so that surgical tumour excision of the tumor is the only potentially curative option, either as radical nephrectomy or as nephron sparing surgery. As a result of continuously improving radiological imaging modalities, renal tumours are nowadays detected incidentally at an asymptomatic stage in up to 75 %. The ten-year cancer-specific survival for organ-confined disease (T1,T2) after R0-excision is > 90 %. Moreover, locally extending renal tumours (T3) can be treated successfully with five-year survival rates of > 65 %. In case of tumours in a single kidney or synchronous bilateral tumours, good functional and oncological long-term results can be achieved by nephron sparing surgery (imperative indication). T1 renal cell cancer (tumour size < 7 cm ) should be treated by nephron sparing surgery, even if the contralateral kidney is normal, because since this nephron-sparing approach ensures maximal renal reserve in the long term follow up. Minimally invasive techniques offer treatment also for multi-morbide patients. Which approach is to be selected depends on size and location of the tumour as well as on indication (elective or imperative), age and general health of the patient and the surgeon’s preference.
Schlüsselwörter
Nierenzellkarzinom - operative Therapie - organerhaltende Nierentumorchirurgie - minimalinvasive Therapie - onkologisches und funktionelles Outcome
Keywords
renal cell carcinoma - surgical treatment - nephron-sparing surgery - minimal-invasive therapy - oncological and functional outcome
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Dr. med. Frederik C. Roos
Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsmedizin
der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Langenbeckstrasse
1
55101 Mainz
Phone: 06131/177183
Fax: 06131/176415
Email: frederik.roos@gmx.de