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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1225300
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Sensibilisierung gegen Ambrosiapollen – Eine Ursache für allergische Atemwegserkrankungen in Deutschland?
Sensitization to airborne ragweed pollen – A cause of allergic respiratory diseases in Germany?Publikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 24.11.2008
akzeptiert: 10.6.2009
Publikationsdatum:
01. Juli 2009 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Allergische Haut- und Atemwegserkrankungen sind in den hochentwickelten Industrieländern weit verbreitet. In den letzten Jahren breiteten sich Ambrosia-Pflanzen (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. – Beifußblättriges Traubenkraut) in immer stärkerem Maße in Europa aus. Ihre Pollen besitzen ein hohes allergenes Potenzial. Dieses kann aufgrund der späten Blütezeit der Pflanze zu neuen Sensibilisierungen bisher gesunder Menschen und zu einer zunehmenden gesundheitlichen Belastung von Pollenallergikern führen, wenn diese auch gegen Gräser- und/oder Baumpollen sensibilisiert sind. Sie können dann fast das ganze Jahr unter allergischen Symptomen leiden. In der vorliegenden Studie soll der Frage nachgegangen werden, wie häufig Sensibilisierungen gegen Ambrosia bei Schulkindern in Deutschland sind und welche Implikationen sich daraus ergeben.
Methodik: Zwischen 2004 und 2007 wurden in Baden-Württemberg 1323 Schulkinder auf eine bestehende Sensibilisierung gegen häufige Aeroallergene einschließlich Ambrosiapollen durch Bestimmung von spezifischen IgE-Antikörpern im Serum untersucht.
Ergebnisse: In den verschiedenen Untersuchungsjahren waren bei 10 – 17 % der untersuchten Schulkinder spezifische IgE-Antikörper gegenüber Bestandteilen aus Pollen von Ambrosia artemisiifolia nachweisbar.
Folgerung: Das Vorliegen Ambrosia-spezifischer IgE-Antikörper im Serum kann sowohl eine direkte Sensibilisierung gegen Ambrosiapollen als auch eine Kreuzreaktion, z. B. bei Sensibilisierung gegenüber anderen Korbblütlern oder bestimmten Nahrungsmittelallergenen, anzeigen. Der Nachweis einer Sensibilisierung gegenüber Ambrosiapollen alleine bedeutet noch keine klinisch manifeste allergische Erkrankung. In Zusammenhang mit entsprechenden Symptomen sollte jedoch differentialdiagnostisch auch an eine Allergie gegen Ambrosiapollen gedacht werden, insbesondere, wenn ein direkter zeitlicher Zusammenhang mit der Blütezeit (August/September) von Ambrosia besteht. Aufgrund der Erfahrungen mit Ambrosia-Allergien in Nordamerika sollten Pflanzen im näheren Wohnumfeld von Allergikern entfernt und vorbeugend die weitere Verbreitung dieser Pflanze eingeschränkt werden.
Summary
Background and objective: Allergic skin and respiratory diseases show a high prevalence in most industrial countries. In addition, during the last years ragweed colonization has increased in Europe. Ambrosia pollen (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. – common ragweed) are highly allergenic. Due to the late flowering time (august/September) of ragweed this can result in increasing health threats for allergic populations. This is of particular importance for those who already are sensitive to some grass or tree pollen. These individuals can then suffer from allergies during nearly the whole year. The present study examined the prevalence of sensitization to ragweed in German children and possible health implications.
Methods: Between 2004 and 2007 sera of 1323 10-years old children in Baden Württemberg were tested in-vitro for specific IgE-antibodies against common aeroallergens including ragweed pollen.
Results: Specific IgE-antibodies to extracts of common ragweed pollen were present in 10 – 17 % of the tested sera depending on the year of investigation.
Conclusion: The determined specific IgE-antibodies may be the result of a direct sensitization to ragweed pollen or correspond to cross-reactivity to other plants of the asteraceae subfamily or some nutritional allergens. The detection of sensitization to ragweed pollen does not prove actual allergic disease. However, a ragweed derived allergy should be considered in the differential diagnosis when allergic symptoms are present in direct connection to the flowering-time of ragweed. Ragweed plants should be removed and the spread of the plant ‘restricted’, as experiences in other countries with already wide spreading show.
Schlüsselwörter
Ambrosia - Pollen - Sensibilisierung - IgE - allergische Atemwegserkrankungen
Keywords
ragweed - pollen - sensitization - IgE - allergic respiratory diseases
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Dr. Thomas Gabrio
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