Abstract
When appropriate reaction conditions are used, very high yields
of (E )-1-arylalk-1-en-3-one derivatives
can be obtained by palladium-catalysed reactions of alk-1-en-3-ones
with aryl bromides. The tetraphosphine cis ,cis ,cis -1,2,3,4-tetrakis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)cyclopentane
in combination with [Pd(C3 H5 )Cl]2 was
found to be a very efficient catalyst for this reaction. In general,
higher reaction rates were observed with electron-poor aryl bromides,
but the electron-rich aryl bromides 1-bromo-4-(dimethylamino)benzene
and 4-bromoanisole also led to the arylated enones in high yields.
Even with sterically very congested aryl bromides such as 9-bromoanthracene,
1-bromo-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene or 1-bromo-2,4,6-triisopropylbenzene,
the expected (E )-1-arylalk-1-en-3-ones
were obtained in moderate to good yields. These enones appear to
be unstable under the reaction conditions, and the addition of a
small amount of hydroquinone to the reaction mixture was found to
be crucial, especially for the vinylation of electron-deficient
aryl bromides. A variety of alk-1-en-3-ones has been employed, and
better results in terms of substrate/catalyst ratios were
obtained when oct-1-en-3-one or hex-1-en-3-one was used than when
but-1-en-3-one or pent-1-en-3-one was used. It should be noted that
several reactions can be performed with as little as 0.1-0.001
mol% catalyst.
Key words
Heck reaction - palladium - catalysis - enones - arylations
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