References and Notes
<A NAME="RG29508ST-1A">1a</A>
Curran DP. In Comprehensive
Organic Synthesis
Vol. 4:
Trost BM.
Fleming I.
Paquette LA.
Pergamon;
Oxford:
1991.
Chap.
4.2.1.
<A NAME="RG29508ST-1B">1b</A>
Giese B.
Kopping B.
Göbel T.
Thoma G.
Dickhaut J.
Kulicke KJ.
Trach F. In Organic Reactions
Vol. 48:
Paquette LA.
Wiley;
New
York:
1996.
p.307
<A NAME="RG29508ST-1C">1c</A>
Dhimane AL.
Fensterbank L.
Malacria M. In Radicals in Organic
Synthesis
Vol. 2:
Renaud M.
Sibi MP.
Wiley-VCH;
Weinheim:
2001.
<A NAME="RG29508ST-2A">2a</A>
Griller D.
Ingold KU.
Acc
Chem. Res.
1980,
13:
317
<A NAME="RG29508ST-2B">2b</A>
Newcomb M.
Tetrahedron
1993,
49:
1151
<A NAME="RG29508ST-2C">2c</A>
Newcomb M. In Radicals in Organic Synthesis
Vol.
1:
Renaud M.
Sibi MP.
Wiley-VCH;
Weinheim:
2001.
p.317-336
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3A">3a</A>
Tsang R.
Fraser-Reid B.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
1986,
108:
2116
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3B">3b</A>
Tsang R.
Fraser-Reid B.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1986,
108:
8102
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3C">3c</A>
Tsang R.
Dickson JK.
Pak H.
Walton R.
Fraser-Reid B.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1987,
109:
3484
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3D">3d</A>
Fraser-Reid B.
Vite GD.
Yeung B.-WA.
Tsang R.
Tetrahedron
Lett.
1988,
29:
1645
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3E">3e</A>
Dickson JKJr.
Tsang R.
Llera JM.
Fraser-Reid B.
J.
Org. Chem.
1989,
54:
5350
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3F">3f</A>
Walton R.
Fraser-Reid B.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1991,
113:
5791
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3G">3g</A>
Paquette LA.
Ra CS.
Silvestri
TW.
Tetrahedron
1989,
45:
3099
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3H">3h</A>
Knapp S.
Gibson FS.
Choe YH.
Tetrahedron
Lett.
1990,
38:
5397
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3I">3i</A>
Knapp S.
Gibson FS.
J. Org. Chem.
1992,
57:
4802
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3J">3j</A>
Grissom JW.
Klingberg D.
J. Org.
Chem.
1993,
58:
6559
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3K">3k</A>
Grissom JW.
Klingberg D.
Meyenburg S.
Stallman BL.
J.
Org. Chem.
1994,
59:
7876
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3L">3l</A>
Clive
DLJ.
Postema MHD.
J.
Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.
1993,
429
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3M">3m</A>
Jung ME.
Choe SWT.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1993,
34:
6247
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3N">3n</A>
Hays DS.
Fu GC.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
1995,
117:
7283
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3O">3o</A>
Davin P.
Fensterbank L.
Malacria M.
Tetrahedron
Lett.
1998,
39:
833
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3P">3p</A>
Beckwith ALJ.
Hay BP.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
1989,
111:
230
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3Q">3q</A>
Beckwith ALJ.
Hay BP.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
1989,
111:
2674
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3R">3r</A>
Beckwith ALJ.
Raner KD.
J. Org. Chem.
1992,
57:
4954
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3S">3s</A>
Bowman WR.
Bridge CF.
Brookes P.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2000,
41:
8989 ; and references therein
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3T">3t</A>
Fallis AG.
Brinza IM.
Tetrahedron
1997,
52:
17543
<A NAME="RG29508ST-3U">3u</A>
Curran DP.
Liu W.
Synlett
1999,
117
<A NAME="RG29508ST-4A">4a</A>
RajanBabu TV.
Nugent WA.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1994,
116:
986
<A NAME="RG29508ST-4B">4b</A>
RajanBabu TV.
Nugent WA.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
1988,
110:
8561
<A NAME="RG29508ST-4C">4c</A>
Daasbjerg K.
Svith H.
Grimme S.
Gerenkamp M.
Muck-Lichtenfeld C.
Gansäuer A.
Barchuk A.
Keller F.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2006,
45:
2041 ; Angew. Chem. 2006, 118, 2095
<A NAME="RG29508ST-4D">4d</A>
Gansäuer A.
Bluhm H.
Chem. Rev.
2000,
100:
2771
<A NAME="RG29508ST-4E">4e</A>
Gansäuer A.
Lauterbach T.
Narayan S.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2003,
42:
5556 ; Angew. Chem.
2003, 115, 5714
<A NAME="RG29508ST-4F">4f</A>
Barrero AF.
Quilez del Moral JF.
Sánchez EM.
Arteaga JF.
Eur. J. Org. Chem.
2006,
1627
<A NAME="RG29508ST-4G">4g</A>
Cuerva JM.
Justicia J.
Oller-López JL.
Bazdi B.
Oltra JE.
Mini-Rev. Org. Chem.
2006,
3:
23
<A NAME="RG29508ST-4H">4h</A>
Gansäuer A.
Bluhm H.
Pierobon M.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1998,
120:
12849
<A NAME="RG29508ST-4I">4i</A>
Cuerva JM.
Justicia J.
Oller-López JL.
Oltra JE.
Top.
Curr. Chem.
2006,
264:
63
<A NAME="RG29508ST-5A">5a</A>
Fernández-Mateos A.
Martín de la Nava EM.
Pascual Coca G.
Rubio González R.
Org.
Lett.
1999,
1:
607
<A NAME="RG29508ST-5B">5b</A>
Fernández-Mateos A.
Mateos Burón L.
Rabanedo Clemente R.
Ramos Silvo AI.
Rubio González R.
Synlett
2004,
1011
<A NAME="RG29508ST-5C">5c</A>
Fernández-Mateos A.
Martín de la Nava EM.
Mateos Burón L.
Rabanedo Clemente R.
Rubio González R.
Sanz González F.
Synlett
2004,
2553
<A NAME="RG29508ST-5D">5d</A>
Fernández-Mateos A.
Herrero Teijón P.
Rabanedo Clemente R.
Rubio González R.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2006,
47:
7755
<A NAME="RG29508ST-5E">5e</A>
Fernández-Mateos A.
Herrero Teijón P.
Rabanedo Clemente R.
Rubio González R.
J. Org. Chem.
2007,
72:
9973
<A NAME="RG29508ST-5F">5f</A>
Fernández-Mateos A.
Herrero Teijón P.
Rabanedo Clemente R.
Rubio González R.
Synlett
2007,
2718
<A NAME="RG29508ST-6A">6a</A>
Beckwith ALJ.
Moad G.
J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2
1980,
1083
<A NAME="RG29508ST-6B">6b</A>
Maillard B.
Walton JC.
J. Chem. Soc.,
Perkin Trans. 2
1985,
443
<A NAME="RG29508ST-7A">7a</A>
Il’ina IV.
Volcho KP.
Korchagina DV.
Barkash VA.
Salakhutdinov NF.
Helv. Chim. Acta
2007,
90:
353
<A NAME="RG29508ST-7B">7b</A>
Il’ina IV.
Volcho KP.
Korchagina DV.
Salakhutdinov NF.
Barkash VA.
Russ.
J. Org. Chem.
2004,
40:
1483
<A NAME="RG29508ST-8">8</A>
Reaction of Epoxides
with Cp
2
TiCl
A
mixture of Cp2TiCl2 (3.3 mmol) and Zn (6.60
mmol) in strictly deoxygenated THF (4 mL) was stirred at r.t. until
the red solution turned green. In a separate flask, the epoxy compound
(1 mmol) was dissolved in strictly deoxygenated THF (10 mL). The
green TiIII solution was slowly added via cannula to
the epoxide solution. After 30 min, an excess of sat. NaH2PO4 was
added, and the mixture was stirred for 20 min. The product was extracted
into Et2O, washed with sat. NaHCO3 and brine,
dried (Na2SO4), and filtered. After removal
of the solvent, the crude product was purified by flash chromatography.
Compound 10: diastereomeric mixture (60:40). IR:
3408, 2923, 1462, 1053 cm-¹. MS (EI): m/z (%) = 192
(14) [M+ - 18], 177
(7), 163 (3), 149 (12), 135 (17), 121 (16), 119 (25), 95 (31), 91
(82), 70 (65), 55 (100). HRMS (EI): m/z calcd
for C13H22O2Na [M+ + Na]:
233.1517; found: 233.1514. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,
CDCl3): δ (major isomer) = 0.94 (3
H, s), 1.10 (3 H, d, J = 7.2
Hz), 1.22 (3 H, s), 1.60-2.60 (7 H, m), 3.47 (1 H, dd, J
1 = 3.3
Hz, J
2 = 8.5
Hz), 3.51 (1 H, d, J = 9.1 Hz),
3.95 (1 H, dd, J
1 = 6.8
Hz, J
2 = 8.5
Hz), 4.22 (1 H, d, J = 9.1
Hz), 4.53 (1 H, dd, J
1 = 5.2
Hz, J
2 = 9.3
Hz) ppm. ¹³C NMR (100 MHz,
CDCl3): δ = 16.17 (CH3),
23.83 (CH3), 27.77 (CH3), 30.66 (CH2),
38.15 (C), 39.31 (CH2), 40.14 (CH), 41.77 (CH), 51.50
(CH), 55.05 (C), 64.65 (CH), 72.86 (CH2), 75.30 (CH2)
ppm. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ (minor
isomer) = 0.87 (3 H, d, J = 7.4
Hz), 0.88 (3 H, s), 1.21 (3 H, s), 1.60-2.90 (7 H, m),
3.31 (1 H, dd, J
1 = 3.7
Hz, J
2 = 8.4
Hz), 3.37 (1 H, d, J = 8.6
Hz), 3.77 (1 H, d, J = 8.6 Hz),
4.02 (1 H, dd, J
1 = 7.4
Hz, J
2 = 8.4
Hz), 4.28 (1 H, dd, J
1 = 5.3
Hz, J
2 = 9.3
Hz), ppm. ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 16.60
(CH3), 23.91 (CH3), 27.63 (CH3),
30.51 (CH2), 36.37 (CH), 38.15 (C), 38.68 (CH2),
39.46 (CH), 40.92 (CH), 55.32 (C), 72.69 (CH), 72.76 (CH2),
79.34 (CH2) ppm.
Compound 11:
IR: 3400, 1645 cm-¹. ¹H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 1.76 (3 H,
s), 1.80-2.50 (5 H, m), 4.01 (1 H, m), 4.03 (2 H, s), 4.29
(1 H, s), 4.73 (1 H, s), 4.75 (1 H, s), 5.19 (1 H, d, J = 10.4 Hz),
5.27 (1 H, d, J = 15.6
Hz), 5.87 (1 H, br s), 5.89 (1 H, m) ppm. ¹³C
NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 20.87
(CH3), 30.86 (CH2), 30.15 (CH), 35.57 (CH2), 60.30
(CH), 71.38 (CH2), 74.45 (CH2), 109.03 (CH2),
117.24 (CH2), 129.49 (CH), 134.34 (CH), 134.94 (C), 149.01
(C) ppm. MS (EI): m/z (%) = 150
(22) [M+ - 58], 135
(20), 131 (13), 108 (69), 93 (68), 91 (100), 68 (79), 55 (98). HRMS (EI): m/z calcd for C13H20O2Na [M+ + Na]:
231.1355; found: 231.1353; [α]D
²0 -49.2
(c 1.3, CHCl3).
Compound 13a1: IR: 3451, 2928, 2899, 1761, 1252,
1042 cm-¹. ¹H NMR
(400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 0.96 (3 H, s),
1.13 (1 H, d, J = 10.2
Hz), 1.21 (3 H, s), 1.64 (2 H, m), 1.94 (1 H, m), 2.24 (1 H, t, J = 5.7 Hz),
2.33 (1 H, m), 2.56 (2 H, m), 2.70 (1 H, m), 3.03 (1 H, m), 4.59
(1 H, dd, J
1 = 9.3
Hz, J
2 = 4.9
Hz) ppm. ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 18.56 (CH2),
23.35 (CH3), 27.07 (CH3), 29.82 (CH2),
38.35 (CH2), 38.53 (C), 40.44 (CH), 41.63 (CH2),
50.24 (CH), 62.53 (CH), 75.80 (C), 212.49 (C) ppm. MS (EI): m/z (%) = 179 (2) [M+ - 15],
161 (2), 134 (4), 133 (17), 119 (26), 105 (100), 91 (96), 77 (30),
67 (28), 55 (68). HRMS (EI): m/z calcd
for C12H18O2Na [M+ + Na]:
217.1199; found: 217.1206; [α]D
²0
-10.1
(c 1.4, CHCl3).
Compound 13a2: IR: ν = 3451, 2928,
2894, 1765, 1217 cm-¹. ¹H
NMR (200 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 0.87 (3 H,
s), 1.20 (1 H, d, J = 10.1
Hz), 1.28 (3 H, s), 1.50-2.40 (6 H, m), 2.54 (1 H, m),
3.01 (2 H, t, J = 8.9
Hz), 4.38 (1 H, dd, J
1 = 9.1
Hz, J
2 = 3.7
Hz) ppm. ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 22.65 (CH3),
26.59 (CH3), 27.16 (CH2), 27.88 (CH2),
39.16 (CH2), 39.65 (C), 39.80 (CH), 42.98 (CH2),
48.56 (CH), 53.40 (C), 70.61 (CH), 213.39 (C) ppm. MS (EI): m/z (%) = 179
(3) [M+ - 15], 151
(3), 134 (6), 133 (24), 119 (26), 105 (100), 91 (80), 77 (40), 67
(42), 55 (89). HRMS (EI): m/z calcd
for C12H18O2Na [M+ + Na]:
217.1199; found: 217.1195; [α]D
²0 +40.7.
(c 1.9, CHCl3).
Compound 14a: IR: ν = 3455, 2920,
2249, 1645, 1441, 1217, 1053 cm-¹. ¹H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 1.62 (1 H,
dt, J
1 = 4.0
Hz, J
2 = 13.3
Hz), 1.73 (3 H, s), 1.90 (4 H, m), 2.10-2.60 (4 H, m),
4.09 (1 H, br s), 4.72 (1 H, s), 4.75 (1 H, s), 5.73 (1 H, m) ppm. ¹³C
NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 16.71 (CH2),
20.82 (CH3), 30.47 (CH2), 30.81 (CH2),
35.04 (CH), 36.85 (CH2), 66.90 (CH), 109.37 (CH2),
119.73 (C), 128.03 (CH), 134.77 (C), 148.52 (C) ppm. MS (EI): m/z (%) = 173 (6) [M+ - 18],
158 (6), 131 (9), 117 (22), 105 (21), 91 (100), 77 (23), 65 (22),
51 (23); HRMS (EI): m/z calcd
for C12H17NONa [M+ + Na]:214.1208;
found: 214.1205.
Compound 16a1:
IR: ν = 3439, 2929, 1455, 1260, 1052 cm-¹. ¹H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 0.90 (3 H,
s), 1.21 (3 H, s), 1.66 (4 H, m), 1.90 (1 H, m), 1.98 (1 H, t, J = 5.8 Hz),
2.10-2.60 (4 H, m), 3.93 (1 H, t, J = 6.1
Hz), 4.68 (1 H, dd, J
1 = 9.2
Hz, J
2 = 5.4
Hz) ppm. ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 22.62
(CH2), 23.16 (CH3), 27.49 (CH3),
27.85 (CH2), 29.90 (CH2), 38.35 (CH2,
C), 40.76 (CH), 53.12 (CH, C), 62.02 (CH), 74.68 (CH) ppm. MS (EI): m/z (%) = 177
(3) [M+ - 19], 163
(3), 149 (13), 134 (14), 121 (3), 108 (35), 92 (72), 91 (100), 67
(23), 55 (23). HRMS (EI): m/z calcd
for C12H20O2Na [M+ + Na]:
219.1356; found: 219.1338. Mp 146-150 ˚C; [α]D
²0 -7.4
(c 0.6, CHCl3).
Compound 16a2: IR: n = 3445, 2929, 1453,
1260, 1051 cm-¹. ¹H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 0.81 (3 H,
s), 1.29 (3 H, s), 1.44 (2 H, m), 1.60-1.90 (4 H, m), 2.09
(1 H, m), 2.34 (2 H, m), 2.46 (1 H, m), 3.94 (1 H, d, J = 8.2 Hz),
4.69 (1 H, dd, J
1 = 10.4
Hz, J
2 = 10.4
Hz) ppm. ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 23.04
(CH3), 26.44 (CH2), 27.00 (CH3,
CH2), 27.71 (CH2), 38.81 (CH2),
39.50 (CH), 39.54 (C), 43.99 (CH), 55.52 (C), 69.39 (CH), 71.48
(CH) ppm. MS (EI):
m/z (%) = 163
(3) [M+ - 33], 163
(2), 149 (1), 134 (10), 121 (4), 117 (27), 92 (51), 91 (100), 70
(23), 55 (43). HRMS (EI): m/z calcd
for C12H20O2Na [M+ + Na]:
219.1356; found: 219.1344. Mp 166-168 ˚C; [α]D
²0 +33.5
(c 0.7, CHCl3).
Compound 17c: IR: 3383, 2923, 2858, 1729, 1469,
1391, 1372 cm-¹. ¹H
NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 0.89 (3 H,
d, J = 6.6
Hz), 0.91 (3 H, d, J = 6.6
Hz), 1.20-2.20 (12 H, m), 2.44 (2 H, t, J = 8.9
Hz), 4.05 (1 H, br s), 5.56 (1 H, m), 9.77 (1 H, s) ppm. ¹³C
NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 19.45 (CH3), 19.89
(CH3), 21.78 (CH2), 27.55 (CH2),
28.99 (CH2), 31.94 (CH), 33.99 (CH2), 34.06
(CH), 35.48 (CH2), 43.71 (CH2), 67.13 (CH),
125.69 (CH), 137.92 (C), 202.57 (CH) ppm. MS (EI): m/z (%) = 206
(9) [M+ - 18], 188
(3), 163 (9), 153 (13), 145 (33), 121 (12), 117 (29), 93 (35), 91
(100), 67 (67), 55 (90). HRMS (EI): m/z calcd
for C14H24O2Na [M+ + Na]: 247.1674;
found: 247.1681; [α]D
²0 -51.9
(c 2.1, CHCl3).
Compound 20d: IR: 3407, 2927, 1729, 1457, 1247,
1040 cm-¹. ¹H NMR
(400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 1.73 (3 H, s),
1.50-2.40 (5 H, m), 2.07 (3 H, s), 4.20 (1 H, br s), 4.51
(1 H, d, J = 6.2
Hz), 4.72 (1 H, s), 4.73 (1 H, d, J = 6.2
Hz), 4.75 (1 H, s), 5.94 (1 H, br s) ppm. ¹³C
NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 20.78
(CH3), 20.94 (CH3), 30.80 (CH2),
34.99 (CH), 35.99 (CH2), 64.78 (CH), 66.58 (CH2),
109.27 (CH2), 130.74 (CH), 133.76 (C), 148.61 (C), 171.11
(C) ppm. MS (EI):
m/z (%) = 192
(2) [M+ - 18], 167
(1), 150 (25), 132 (20), 117 (96), 91 (100), 68 (50), 53 (70). HRMS
(EI): m/z calcd for C12H18O3Na [M+ + Na]:
233.1148; found: 233.1161; [α]D
²0
-108.5
(c 0.3, CHCl3).
<A NAME="RG29508ST-9">9</A>
Yamamoto Y.
Matsumi D.
Hattori R.
Itoh K.
J. Org. Chem.
1999,
64:
3224
<A NAME="RG29508ST-10">10</A>
Cuerva JM.
Campaña AG.
Justicia J.
Rosales A.
Oller-López JL.
Robles R.
Cárdenas DJ.
Buñuel E.
Oltra JE.
Angew. Chem.
2006,
118:
5522