PDF icon Download PDF
Eur J Pediatr Surg
DOI: 10.1055/a-2540-3690
Original Article

Rising Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens in Pediatric Appendicitis: A Decade-Long Study from Southern Israel

Rimma Melamed   *
1   Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
2   Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
,
Doreen Ozalvo    *
1   Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
3   Department of Neonatology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
,
Orli Sagi
4   Microbiology Laboratory, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
,
Zaki Assi
1   Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
5   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
,
Antonella Nahom
5   Department of Pediatric Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
,
Yarden Kezerle
1   Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
6   Department of Pathology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
,
Lena Novack
1   Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
7   Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
,
Eilon Shany
1   Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
3   Department of Neonatology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
› Author Affiliations
Funding None.
› Further Information
Also available ateRef
   Permissions and Reprints
Preview

Abstract

Introduction

Appendicitis is the most common indication for emergent abdominal surgery in childhood. Intravenous antibiotic therapy reduces infections-related complications. Epidemiological data concerning bacterial pathogens are important in tailoring antibiotic stewardship recommendations.

Aims

This study aims to assess trends over the years in bacterial distribution, and sensitivities (specifically multidrug-resistant [MDR] Enterobacteriaceae) in surgical appendicitis among two different ethnic communities in southern Israel.

Methods

This was an observational, single-center, retrospective study. Included were children less than 18 years of age with surgical appendicitis treated in Soroka University Medical Center between 2010 and 2020 that had a positive intraoperative intraperitoneal bacterial swab culture. Data were assessed using univariable and multivariable analyses including multiple linear regression and negative binomial regressions with time series analysis to compare between periods during the study while accounting for confounders.

Results

Overall, 1,858 specimens were available for analysis from 2,264 children with confirmed surgical appendicitis. Pathogenic bacteria were recovered in 684 (36.8%), with nearly half polymicrobial. MDR Enterobacteriaceae pathogens were more common in the Arab–Bedouin community as compared with the Jewish community (32.6% vs. 18.6%, p < 0.001). Time series analysis detected an 8.7% significant increase in MDR pathogens per year (p = 0.003) with male children (10% per year [p = 0.016]), children younger than 12 years (10% per year [p = 0.014]), and children of the Arab-Bedouin community (8.7% per year [p = 0.025]) accounting for this increase in MDR isolates.

Conclusion

MDR pathogens incidence has significantly increased between 2010 and 2020 and this should be considered in the choice of antibiotic therapies and antibiotic stewardship programs in the hospital and the community.

Keywords

children - appendectomy - infection - multidrug resistance - antibiotic stewardship

Authors' Contributions

R.M. conceived the original idea. R.M., D.O., A.N., and E.S. designed the experimental protocol. A.N., Z.A., O.S., and Y.K. assisted in data collection and curation. D.O. and L.N. performed the statistical analysis and its interpretation. D.O. and R.M. wrote the initial draft of the manuscript with the supervision of E.S. all authors critically reviewed and confirmed the last version of the manuscript.


* Rimma Melamed and Doreen Ozalvo contributed equally to the research project.


Supplementary Material



Publication History

Received: 05 July 2024

Accepted: 15 February 2025

Article published online:
27 March 2025

© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany