Skelettale Verankerung in der Kieferorthopädie – Evidenz, Nutzen und Limitationen

Zusammenfassung

In der Kieferorthopädie ist eine präzise und akkurate Diagnostik notwendig, um die Ursachen von dentalen und skelettalen Malokklusionen zu analysieren und patientenindividuelle Therapiekonzepte zu entwickeln. Auf dieser Basis kann entschieden werden, ob eine Dysgnathie ursächlich therapiert, oder ob eine dentoalveoläre Kompensation angestrebt werden soll. Für den Erfolg der Therapie ist dann die Wahl einer geeigneten Verankerung maßgeblich.

Die skelettale Verankerung stellt in vielen Situationen eine nebenwirkungsarme und effektive Alternative zu konventionellen Verankerungsmöglichkeiten dar. In einigen Fällen erlaubt sie zudem Maßnahmen, die anders gegenwärtig nicht umgesetzt werden können. Ein relevanter Unterschied kieferorthopädischer Implantate im Vergleich zu dentalen Implantaten ist dabei, dass sie nur temporär im Knochen verbleiben, sodass sich die mikro- und makrostrukturellen Anforderungsprofile unterscheiden.

Ziel des Artikels ist es, die Geschichte der skelettalen Verankerung in der Kieferorthopädie zusammenzufassen, Charakteristika kieferorthopädischer Mini-Implantate aufzuzeigen, die wichtigsten Insertionsgebiete zu beleuchten und typische Indikationen zu erläutern.

Abstract

In orthodontics, precise and accurate diagnostics are necessary to analyze the causes of dental and skeletal malocclusions and to develop patient-specific treatment concepts. On this basis, a decision can be made as to whether dysgnathia should be treated causally or whether dentoalveolar compensation should be attempted. The choice of a suitable anchorage is then decisive for the success of the treatment.

In many situations, skeletal anchorage is an effective alternative to conventional anchorage options with few side effects. In some cases, it also allows measures that cannot currently be implemented in any other way. One relevant difference between orthodontic implants and dental implants is that they only remain in the bone temporarily, which means that the micro- and macro- structural requirements differ.

The aim of this article is to summarize the history of skeletal anchorage in orthodontics, highlight the characteristics of orthodontic mini-implants, shed light on the most important areas of insertion and explain typical indications.

Schlüsselwörter

Skelettale Malokklusionen - skelettale Verankerung - kieferorthopädische Implantate - Limitationen

Keywords

skeletal malocclusions - skeletal anchorage - orthodontic implants - limitations

Publication History

Article published online:
27 September 2024

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