Autismus-Spektrum-Störung im Erwachsenenalter

Autismus ist eine neuronale Entwicklungsstörung, die durch Schwierigkeiten in der sozialen Interaktion und Kommunikation sowie repetitive, stereotype Verhaltensweisen und Interessen gekennzeichnet ist. Diese Merkmale liegen bereits ab der frühen Kindheit vor, sind anhaltend und zeigen sich über verschiedene Kontexte hinweg. Der Beitrag geht auf die Besonderheiten im Erwachsenenalter ein, gerade wenn die Diagnose erst dann gestellt wird.

Abstract

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that starts in early childhood and persists over the lifespan. A combination of genetic factors and environmental factors around birth contribute to its etiology. Autistic individuals show differences and difficulties in social interaction and communication as well as repetitive, stereotypical behavior and interests. The diagnostic procedure is complex and should be carried out in a specialized assessment unit. Diagnostic assessment is based on behavioral observation and a careful evaluation of developmental history. A wide range of potential differential diagnoses should be considered. Autistic adults have a higher risk of developing psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. Psychotherapeutic treatment that is adapted to autism-related difficulties can be helpful. Co-occurring conditions should be treated in accordance with disorder-specific guidelines. Psychopharmacological treatment of co-occurring conditions is, in most cases, only recommended as an addition to behavioral interventions. Autistic people often experience difficulties in social participation, which can be targeted with sociotherapeutic interventions.

Schlüsselwörter

Autismus-Spektrum-Störung - Erwachsenenalter - klinisches Erscheinungsbild - Diagnose - Behandlung

Key words

autism spectrum disorder - adulthood - clinical characteristics - diagnosis - treatment

Publication History

Article published online:
09 November 2023

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