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DOI: 10.1055/a-1847-2553
Therapie der Akromegalie – Daten aus dem Deutschen Akromegalie Register
Treatment of acromegaly – data from the German Acromegaly Register
Die Akromegalie führt zu verschiedenen systemischen Komorbiditäten – und sie ist eine seltene Erkrankung. Oft wird sie erst spät erkannt, sodass dann in der Folge kaum noch Chancen auf eine vollständige Heilung bestehen. Auf der Grundlage von Daten des Deutschen Akromegalie-Registers beleuchtet dieser Beitrag aktuelle Aspekte zum Krankheitsbild, zu den Risiken und zu den therapeutischen Optionen.
Abstract
Acromegaly is a rare disease in which chronic growth hormone overproduction (usually from an anterior pituitary adenoma) leads to various systemic complications. The management of acromegaly and the comorbidities of the disease is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Early diagnosis is extremely important, as then the chances of a complete cure are significantly higher. The operation is the therapy of first choice and should be performed at a specialized center with an experienced neurosurgeon. With good patient information and guidance, the drug therapy of acromegaly patients in specialized practices and clinics can usually lead to biochemical control and thereby normalization of mortality risk. As with numerous rare diseases, care in specialized centers and recording and evaluation in registry studies can contribute to better patient care and the optimization of therapy and diagnostic guidelines. We assume that with the help of the German Acromegaly Registry, which currently includes more than 2500 patients with acromegaly, we will be able to present a realistic picture of the care situation in Germany in the coming years.
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Die Akromegalie ist eine seltene syndromatische Erkrankung mit zahlreichen Beschwerden und Komplikationen, die im Zusammenhang mit dem chronischen Überschuss von Wachstumshormon und IGF-I stehen.
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Eine frühzeitige Diagnosestellung erhöht die Chancen auf eine komplette Heilung deutlich, zumal dann die irreversiblen, oft zu einer weiteren Verschlechterung der Lebensqualität führenden Knochenveränderungen noch weniger fortgeschritten sind.
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Daher ist es wichtig, regelmäßig auf Symptome dieser seltenen Erkrankung aufmerksam zu machen, wie z.B. durch die Kampagne der DGE („Großmutter, warum hast Du so große Hände …“; im Internet: https://www.akromegalie-register.de/akromegalie/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2018/05/AkroReg_InitiativeAwareness_Pat_2013.pdf).
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Die Therapie der Wahl ist eine (i.d.R. transsphenoidale) Operation. Diese kann jedoch bei Makroadenomen auch bei erfahrenen Neurochirurgen nur in 50–75% der Fälle eine komplette Remission erreichen.
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Eine medikamentöse Therapie wird bei persistierender Erkrankung nach operativer Resektion des Adenoms empfohlen sowie bei Patienten, bei denen eine Operation nicht erwünscht oder möglich ist. Eine umfassende Aufklärung des Patienten ist wichtig.
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Bei guter Therapieadhärenz führt die Behandlung von Akromegalie-Patienten in spezialisierten Praxen und Kliniken mehrheitlich zu einer biochemischen Kontrolle und dadurch zur Reduktion der Begleitkomplikationen und Normalisierung des Mortalitätsrisikos.
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Die Bestrahlung der Hypophyse steht als Reservetherapie zur Verfügung, wenn keine biochemische Kontrolle erreicht werden kann. Zu beachten ist hier jedoch der verzögerte Wirkeintritt. Nach 10 Jahren erreichten jedoch ca. 75 % der Patienten eine Remission – unabhängig von der Bestrahlungsmethode.
Publication History
Article published online:
20 March 2023
© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.
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