Was wissen wir über die Zusammenhänge von Urbanisierung und psychischen Erkrankungen?

Zusammenfassung

Ziel der Arbeit Der in Städten lebende Anteil der Weltbevölkerung wird bis zum Jahr 2050 auf über zwei Drittel ansteigen. Die Arbeit gibt einen Überblick zu Untersuchungen über psychische Erkrankungen im Zusammenhang mit Urbanisierung und den zugrunde gelegten Konzepten.

Methodik Systematische Suche in Medline, Health Evidence und Google Scholar nach systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten und Einzelstudien. Analyse des Urbanisierungsbegriffs.

Ergebnisse Das urbane Setting geht mit höheren Inzidenz- und Prävalenzraten insbesondere für Störungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis sowie affektive Erkrankungen einher. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Urbanisierung und psychischer Gesundheit bei Zuwanderern (Migration: Land in Stadt) ist nicht eindeutig belegt. Soziodemografische und -ökonomische Faktoren wirken moderierend. Urbanisierung wird in den Arbeiten wenig einheitlich konzeptualisiert.

Schlussfolgerung Weitere nachhaltige Untersuchungen mit einheitlichen methodischen Konzepten und aktuellen Geburtskohorten sind erforderlich.

Abstract

Objective The proportion of peoples living in cities or urban areas will increase till 2050 enormously. The present paper investigated the effect of urbanization on mental health.

Methods We systematically searched electronic databases (Medline, Health Evidence and Google Scholar) for systematic reviews and single studies.

Results Analyzed findings showed mostly increased incidence or prevalence ratios for the occurence of schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders and depression. The relationship between urbanisation and mental health among immigrants (migration: country to city) is not clearly established. Sociodemographic and economic factors have a moderating effect. Urbanization is not conceptualised in a uniform way.

Conclusion Further research is needed with standardized and consistent approaches of urbanization as well as focusing current birth cohorts.

Schlüsselwörter

Urbanisierung - psychische Gesundheit - Methodik

Keywords

urbanization - mental health - methods

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