Die COVID-19-Verschwörung in Theorie und Praxis

Verschwörungstheorien haben eine lange Tradition. Sie entstehen bevorzugt in anhaltenden Bedrohungssituationen. Den Nährboden bilden ängstliche Grundgestimmtheit, die Empfindung eigener Machtlosigkeit, spürbare soziale Auswirkungen, unzureichende Erklärungen und Problemlösungen, verunsichernder Führungsstil sowie moderne Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten. Verschwörungstheorien können solidarisches Handeln unterminieren und öffentliche Diskussionen verzerren.

Abstract

Conspiracy theories are a most elaborate form of gossip. They have a long tradition and arise preferably during times of drawn out crises, as for example the Corona-pandemic. Hard-wired anxiety, personal powerlessness, palpable socioeconomic consequences, complex causes and insufficient solutions, disconcerting leadership and modern means of communication form fertile ground for conspiracy theories. They are much more than a peculiar marginal phenomenon as they undermine concerted action and distort open discussions, spreading germs and doubts, increasing risks and costs. This paper describes individual, social and communicative mechanisms underlying conspiracy theories and their inclusive (“we, who know”), conclusive (cognitive closure versus inconclusive facts) and exclusive effects (“we versus the establishment and the ignorants”).

Schlüsselwörter

COVID-19 - Falschinformationen - Bill Gates - Populismus - Verschwörungstheorien

Key words

conspiracy theories - COVID-19 - fake news - Bill Gates - populist politics

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