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DOI: 10.1055/a-0667-0706
Periphere Ischämie bei diabetischer Retinopathie und retinalen Venenthrombosen: neue Einblicke durch die Ultraweitwinkelfundusfotografie und Weitwinkelangiografie
Peripheral Ischemia in Diabetic Retinopathy and Retinal Vein Occlusion: New Insights with Ultra-Wide-Angle Fundus Imaging and Wide-Angle Fluorescein AngiographyPublication History
eingereicht 26 May 2018
akzeptiert 26 July 2018
Publication Date:
14 September 2018 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Bei verschiedenen Krankheitsbildern spielen sich pathophysiologische Prozesse in der äußersten Netzhautperipherie ab. So ist bei der diabetischen Retinopathie und retinalen Venenverschlüssen die periphere Netzhaut häufig ischämisch. Gleichzeitig gehört die Bildgebung der peripheren Netzhaut zu den anspruchsvollsten Untersuchungstechniken in der Augenheilkunde. Neue Ultraweitwinkel-Kamerasysteme versprechen hier erhebliche Vereinfachungen, was zu einer breiteren Anwendung führen könnte. Dadurch wiederum könnte die Untersuchung der peripheren Netzhaut eine neue klinische Bedeutung erlangen.
Material und Methoden Literatur- und Datenbankrecherche zum Thema Ultraweitwinkel-Fundusbildgebung bei diabetischer Retinopathie und retinalen Venenverschlüssen.
Ergebnisse Mit der Ultraweitwinkelfotografie bzw. -angiografie lässt sich bis zu 3,2 × mehr Netzhautfläche abbilden als mit den bisher in Studien üblichen 7SF-Aufnahmen (7SF: 7 Standardfelder). Erste Anwendungsstudien legen nahe, dass in 10% der Fälle relevante diabetische Veränderungen außerhalb der Grenzen von 7SF-Aufnahmen liegen. Bei der Zentralvenenthrombose gibt es Hinweise, dass Patienten mit mehr peripherer Ischämie (gemessen als ischämischer Index [ISI]) ausgedehntere Makulaödeme haben. Auch hat das Ausmaß der Ischämie einen Einfluss auf das Ausmaß eines Makulaödems, seinen Rückgang unter Therapie und die Zahl der benötigten Injektionen mit Anti-VEGF-Inhibitoren.
Diskussion Mit den Ultraweitwinkel-Funduskamerasystemen kann die Netzhautperipherie, insbesondere ischämische Areale und Neovaskularisationen, über die Grenzen der konventionellen Methoden hinaus dargestellt werden. Bisherige Studien weisen darauf hin, dass mit diesen Verfahren Veränderungen sichtbar gemacht werden können, die mittels Standardtechniken, insbesondere 7SF, übersehen werden. Systematische Untersuchungen zur Relevanz dieser Veränderungen für die Prognose und Steuerung der Therapie stehen noch aus.
Abstract
Background In several diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion, relevant pathophysiological changes take place in the retinal periphery. These changes may determine the prognosis and outcomes of therapy. Recent ultra-wide-angle camera systems promise improved and simplified visualisation of the outer periphery of the retina. This could potentially lead to novel clinical applications of these methods, with potential impact on therapy decisions.
Material and Methods Literature and database research on ultra-wide imaging for diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion.
Results With ultra-wide-angle angiography, it is possible to visualise up to 3.2-fold more retinal surface than conventional 7SF images (7SF: 7 standard field). Initial studies imply that diabetic changes can be found outside of the boundaries of the 7SF images. Patients with central vein occlusion have more extended and severe macular oedema and poorer visual acuity if ischemia of the periphery is more pronounced (measured by the ischemic index [ISI]). The amount of ischemia influences the size of the macular oedema, its resolution under therapy and the number of anti-VEGF injections needed to treat it.
Discussion Ultra-wide-angle camera systems allow visualisation of the peripheral retina outside the boundaries of standard methods. Initial studies have detected potentially relevant changes in the outer periphery, which would have been missed by 7SF. Nevertheless, there have been no systematic studies on the relevance of these changes with regards to prognosis and therapeutic decisions.
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