Effekt von körperlichem Training auf den Schweregrad des Restless-Legs-Syndroms

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Das Restless-Legs-Syndrom (RLS) ist eine häufige neurologische Erkrankung, die durch einen starken Bewegungsdrang der Beine und Missempfindungen einen hohen Leidensdruck auf die betroffenen Patienten ausübt. Die in der Regel medikamentöse Therapie ist mit zahlreichen Nebenwirkungen verbunden. Über die Wirkung körperlichen Trainings als risikoarme Alternative existiert bisher nur wenig Forschung.

Ziel Diese Übersichtsarbeit untersuchte die Effekte körperlichen Trainings auf den Schweregrad des RLS.

Methode Die systematische Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken PubMed, PEDro, The Cochrane Library und Embase schloss kontrollierte Studien über Ausdauer- oder Krafttraining zur Verbesserung der Erkrankungsschwere von RLS. Die interne Validität der Studien wurde mit der PEDro-Skala bewertet und die Effekte der Trainingsverfahren auf den Schweregrad des RLS metaanalytisch zusammengefasst.

Ergebnisse In die Arbeit wurden 5 Studien mit insgesamt 124 Teilnehmern eingeschlossen. Basierend auf der Metaanalyse verbesserte körperliches Training im Vergleich zur Kontrollintervention signifikant die Symptomatik von RLS auf der International RLS Severity Scale (durchschnittliche Verbesserung: 8,53 Punkte; 95 %-Konfidenzintervall: 10,42 bis 6,63 Punkte). Es fand sich kein signifikanter Publikationsbias. Die methodische Qualität der Studien war gering (Median PEDro-Score: 5).

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse weisen auf die Verringerung des Schweregrads des RLS durch körperliches Training hin. Da die aktuell schwache Studienlage jedoch die Übertragbarkeit limitiert, sind weitere klinische Studien erforderlich.

Abstract

Background Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological movement disorder. It is characterised by a compelling urge to move the legs and is accompanied by painful paresthesia. Although medication is the treatment of choice, side effects, such as augmentation phenomena in particular, have been reported frequently. So far, little research has been conducted on exercise training as a low-risk alternative.

Objective The aim of this review was to investigate the effects of exercise training on the severity of symptoms in patients with RLS.

Method A systematic literature research was performed using the databases PubMed, PEDro, The Cochrane Library and Embase. Included were controlled trials that examined aerobic or resistance exercise for improving severity of symptoms in patients with RLS. The methodical quality of the retrieved studies was rated using the PEDro scale. The found data were assessed regarding the effects on the severity of RLS symptoms by means of a meta-analysis.

Results Five studies with a total of 124 subjects were included in this review. Based on the meta-analysis, exercise training decreased the severity of symptoms significantly in patients with RLS compared to the control group (average improvement: 8.53 points; 95% prediction interval: 10.42 to 6.63 points). No significant publication bias was found. The methodical quality of the included studies was low (median PEDro score: 5).

Conclusions This review suggests that exercise training can decrease the severity of symptoms in patients with RLS. However, due to the lack of high quality studies, generalizability is limited. Further randomised controlled trials investigating exercise training as therapy in patients with RLS are necessary.

Schlüsselwörter

Restless-Legs-Syndrom - körperliches Training - Metaanalyse

Key words

restless legs syndrome - exercise training - meta-analysis

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