Mitochondrien als potenzielle Zielstruktur in der Krebstherapie

Zusammenfassung

Mitochondrien spielen für das Überleben, die metabolische Homöostase, das Wachstum und die Teilung (Proliferation) von Zellen eine entscheidende Rolle. Zu den herausragenden Funktionen dieser Organellen gehören insbesondere die effiziente zelluläre Energieproduktion, die Regulation des programmierten Zelltods und die Beteiligung am Zellmetabolismus durch den Auf-, Ab- und Umbau wichtiger zellulärer Moleküle. Um die besonderen Bedürfnisse von schnell proliferierenden Krebszellen erfüllen zu können, verändern Mitochondrien die Gewichtung dieser Funktionen durch eine Veränderung ihres molekularen Aufbaus. Diese molekularen Veränderungen stellen den zentralen Ansatzpunkt dar, um mitochondrial wirksame Chemotherapeutika („Mitocans“) mit hoher Tumorspezifität zu entwickeln. Dieser Übersichtsartikel beschreibt die mitochondrialen Funktionen und dazugehörigen molekularen Grundlagen welche für die Wirkung solcher Mitocans von Bedeutung sind und gibt einen Überblick über den derzeitigen Entwicklungsstand dieser Substanzen.

Abstract

Mitochondria play a central role for cell survival, metabolism and proliferation, as they are the power houses of the cell, the master regulators of programmed cell death and an important player in cellular metabolism. Mitochondria adapt their functions by changes in their molecular composition to fulfill the specific needs of rapidly growing tumor cells. Conceptually, this is the rationale to develop mitochondria targeting anti-cancer agents (so called “mitocans”) with high tumor specificity. This review describes the most relevant mitochondrial functions and molecular adaptations that are related to the mode of action of current mitocans and outlines their state of development.

Schlüsselwörter

Krebs - Mitochondrien - Metabolismus - Zelltod

Key words

Cancer - mitochondria - metabolism - cell death

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