Abklärung des akuten Brustschmerzes in der Klinik - Eine differenzialdiagnostische Herausforderung

Akute Thoraxschmerzen sind in der klinischen Praxis überaus häufig und stellen an den behandelnden Arzt besondere differenzialdiagnostische Herausforderungen. Oberste Priorität hat die prompte Erkennung potenziell lebensbedrohlicher Erkrankungen (z. B. Herzinfarkt). Dabei können Brustschmerzen Ausdruck einer kardiovaskulären Erkrankung (akutes Koronarsyndrom, Aortendissektion) sein, sie können aber auch durch extrakardiale Krankheiten (Pneumothorax, Lungenembolie) hervorgerufen werden oder funktionell bedingt sein. Ziel dieser Übersicht ist die Darstellung einer rationellen diagnostischen Strategie zur Abklärung von Patienten mit akuten Thoraxschmerzen.

Acute chest pain is a very frequent symptom in clinical emergency medicine. Chest pain syndromes are caused by a variety of disorders. Primary target in clinical evaluation is to distinguish acute life-threatening cardiovascular diseases such as acute coronary syndrome, aortic dissection or pulmonary embolism from extra-cardiac causes like gastroesophageal or functional disorders. Aim of this survey is to give an overview on rational diagnostic strategies in evaluation of acute chest pain in clinical practice.

Key words

Acute chest pain - acute coronary syndrome - aortic dissection - pulmonary embolism - gastroesophageal disorders - functional disorders

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