Synthesis 2007(5): 725-730  
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-965909
PAPER
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Synthesis of Arylcalcium Halides - General Procedure, Scope and Limitations

Martin Gärtner, Helmar Görls, Matthias Westerhausen*
Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, August-Bebel-Str. 2, 07743 Jena, Germany
Fax: +49(3641)948110; e-Mail: m.we@uni-jena.de;
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

Received 16 November 2006
Publikationsdatum:
25. Januar 2007 (online)

Abstract

A general procedure for the synthesis of a wide variety of arylcalcium halides by activation of the alkaline earth metal as well as bromo- or iodoarenes is reported. Chloro- and fluoroarenes are not suitable substrates for an insertion of calcium into the carbon-halogen bond. Furthermore, ortho-fluoro substitution prevents the formation of the corresponding heavy calcium organometallics. The ipso-carbon atoms show a strong low-field shift in the 13C NMR spectra. The arylcalcium iodides crystallize monomeric as tetrakis(THF) complexes. Naphthylcalcium iodide shows a Ca-C bond length of 255.2(6) pm which lies in the characteristic region.

    References

  • 1 Seyferth D. Organometallics  2006,  25:  2 
  • 2a Sapse A.-M. Schleyer PvR. Lithium Chemistry: A Theoretical and Experimental Overview   Wiley; New York: 1995. 
  • 2b Wakefield B. Organolithium Methods   Academic Press; London: 1988. 
  • 2c Schade C. Schleyer PvR. Adv. Organomet. Chem.  1987,  27:  169 
  • 2d Setzer WN. Schleyer PvR. Adv. Organomet. Chem.  1985,  24:  353 
  • 3a Garst JF. Soriaga MP. Coord. Chem. Rev.  2004,  248:  623 
  • 3b Richey HG. Grignard Reagents: New Developments   Wiley; Chichester: 2000. 
  • 3c Wakefield B. Organomagnesium Methods in Organic Synthesis   Academic Press; London: 1995. 
  • 4 Klumberger O. Schmidbaur H. Chem. unserer Zeit  1993,  27:  310 
  • 5a Hanusa TP. Coord. Chem. Rev.  2000,  210:  329 
  • 5b Westerhausen M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.  2001,  40:  2975 ; Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 3063
  • 5c Alexander JS. Ruhlandt-Senge K. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem.  2002,  2761 
  • 5d Westerhausen M. Angew. Chem. Intl. Ed.  2007, Angew. Chem. 2007, in press 
  • 6a Bähr G. Kalinowski H.-O. In Houben-Weyl Methoden der organischen Chemie   Vol. XIII/2a:  Thieme Verlag; Stuttgart: 1973.  p.529-551  
  • 6b Gowenlock BG. Lindsell WE. J. Organomet. Chem. Libr. 3, Organomet. Chem. Rev.  1977,  1 
  • 6c Lindsell WE. In Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry - The Synthesis, Reactions and Structures of Organometallic Compounds   Vol. 1:  Wilkinson G. Stone FGA. Abel EW. Pergamon Press; New York: 1982.  Chap. 4.2.4. p.237-252  
  • 7a Jutzi P. J. Organomet. Chem.  1990,  400:  1 
  • 7b Hanusa TP. Polyhedron  1990,  9:  1345 
  • 7c Hanusa TP. Chem. Rev.  1993,  93:  1023 
  • 7d Burkey DJ. Hanusa TP. Comments Inorg. Chem.  1995,  17:  41 
  • 7e Jutzi P. Burford N. In Metallocenes   Togni A. Halterman RL. Wiley-VCH; Weinheim: 1998.  Chap. 1. p.3-54  
  • 7f Hays ML. Hanusa TP. Adv. Organomet. Chem.  1996,  40:  117 
  • 7g Jutzi P. Burford N. Chem. Rev.  1999,  99:  969 
  • 7h Hanusa TP. Organometallics  2002,  21:  2559 
  • 8 Cloke FGN. Hitchcock PB. Lappert MF. Lawless GA. Royo B. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.  1991,  724 
  • 9 Eaborn C. Hawkes SA. Hitchcock PB. Smith JD. Chem. Commun.  1997,  1961 
  • 10a Harder S. Müller S. Hübner E. Organometallics  2004,  23:  178 
  • 10b Feil F. Harder S. Organometallics  2000,  19:  5010 
  • 10c Knapp V. Müller G. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.  2001,  40:  183 ; Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 187
  • 10d Harder S. Feil F. Weeber A. Organometallics  2001,  20:  1044 
  • 11 Fischer R. Gärtner M. Görls H. Westerhausen M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.  2006,  45:  609 ; Angew. Chem. 2006, 118, 624
  • 12 Fischer R. Gärtner M. Görls H. Westerhausen M. Organometallics  2006,  25:  3496 
  • 13 Hauber S.-O. Lissner F. Deacon GB. Niemeyer M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.  2005,  44:  5871 ; Angew. Chem. 2005, 117, 6021
  • 14 Kalinowski H.-O. Berger S. Braun S. 13 C NMR-Spektroskopie   Thieme Verlag; Stuttgart: 1984.  p.284-287  
  • 15 Fischer R. Görls H. Westerhausen M. Inorg. Chem. Commun.  2005,  8:  1159 
  • 16 Bruhat G. Thomas V. C. R. Acad. Sci.  1926,  183:  297 
  • 17 Fossatelli M. den Besten R. Verkruijsse HD. Brandsma L. Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas  1994,  113:  527 
  • 18 Banzatti C. Carfagna N. Commisso R. Heidempergher F. Pegrassi L. Melloni R. J. Med. Chem.  1988,  31:  1466 
  • 19 COLLECT, Data Collection Software   Nonius B.V.; Delft: 1998. 
  • 20 Otwinowski Z. Minor W. Processing of X-ray Diffraction Data Collected in Oscillation Mode, In Methods in Enzymology - Part A. Macromolecular Crystallography   Vol. 276:  Carter CW. Sweet RM. Academic Press; London: 1997.  p.307-326  
  • 21 Blessing RH. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A: Fundam. Crystallogr.  1995,  51:  33 
  • 22 Sheldrick GM. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A: Fundam. Crystallogr.  1990,  46:  467 
  • 23 Sheldrick GM. SHELXL-97 (Release 97-2)   University of Göttingen; Göttingen: 1997. 
24

CCDC-627216 contains the supplementary crystallographic data for compound 12. These data can be obtained free of charge via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/conts/retrieving.html (or from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12, Union Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, UK; fax: +44(1223)336 033; or deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk).