Zusammenfassung
Neben einer konsequenten antihyperglykämischen Therapie ist zur Verhinderung mikro-
und makrovaskulärer Komplikationen beim Typ-2-Diabetes häufig ein multifaktorieller
Therapieansatz nötig. Grundlage der Therapie sollte eine Ernährungsumstellung, flankiert
durch eine gesteigerte körperliche Aktivität sein. Das Ziel der antihyperglykämischen
Therapie ist eine Absenkung des HbA1c in den Zielbereich (< 6,5 %). Regelmäßige Kontrollen des HbA1c (alle 2 - 6 Monate) sind sinnvoll, um ein Therapieversagen rechtzeitig zu erkennen
und die Therapie zu eskalieren. Metformin ist nach Ausschluss von Kontraindikationen
das Mittel der ersten Wahl bei der oralen Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes. Die Vorteile
der Glinide im Vergleich zu den Sulfonylharnstoffen liegen vor allem in der höheren
Flexibilität bezüglich der Nahrungsaufnahme. Obwohl nicht endgültig geklärt, gibt
es immer weniger Bedenken gegen eine Metformin-SH-Kombinationstherapie. Die aktuelle
NICE-Leitlinie empfiehlt diese Kombinationstherapie sogar jedoch ausdrücklich. Es
gibt Hinweise, dass Glitazone über ihre blutzuckersenkende Wirkung hinaus protektive
Effekte bei Typ-2-Diabetikern besitzen. Die klinische Bedeutsamkeit dieser Effekte
bedarf aber weiterer Bestätigung. Ist eine ausreichende Blutzuckersenkung durch orale
Medikation nicht mehr erreichbar, ist es wichtig, schnellstmöglich mit einer Insulintherapie
zu beginnen.
Summary
Consistent antihyperglycaemic treatment for preventing vascular complications in type
2 diabetes mellitus (2DM) often require the application of several measures. The
basis of such treatment should be dietary changes and increased physical exercise.
The target of antiglycemic treatment is the reduction of HbA1c to below 6.5%. Regular
monitoring of HbA1c every 2-6 months is reasonable in order to recognize therapeutic
failure early and adapt treatment accordingly. Metformin is the drug of first choice
for the oral treatment of 2DM, once possible contraindications having been excluded.
The advantage of glinides, compared with sulfonylureas, is mainly in allowing greater
dietary flexibility. Although not finally decided, there are ever fewer objections
against combined metformin and sulphonylurea treatment. The current guidelines of
the (British)National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) specifically recommend
this combination treatment. There are pointers to glitazone having protective effects
in 2DM beyond its blood-sugar lowering action. However, the clinical significance
of these effects requires confirmation. If adequate blood-sugar reduction cannot be
achieved with oral medication it is important to initiate insulin administration as
soon as possible.
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. Stephan Schneider
Medizinische Klinik 1, Schwerpunkt Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsklinikum
Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Bürkle de la Camp-Platz
44787 Bochum
Telefon: 0234-3023469
Fax: 0234-3026415
eMail: Stephan.Schneider@rub.de