Angsterkrankungen: Tiermodelle und Humangenetik

Zusammenfassung

Nur basierend auf einem tieferen Verständnis der Neurobiologie der Angst im Tiermodell und einer kritischen Extrapolation auf den Menschen wird eine kausale Therapie von Angsterkrankungen, die zu den häufigsten psychiatrischen Krankheitsbildern gehören, möglich sein. Es gilt, jenseits der lange Zeit im Focus des Interesses gewesenen Monoamine (wie z.B. Serotonin), neurobiologische Systeme zu identifizieren, die kausal in die Ätiologie und Pathogenese der pathologischen Angst eingebunden sind. An der Ausbildung komplexer Verhaltensweisen einschließlich ihrer Erkrankungen sind viele interagierende Gene beteiligt, welche darüber hinaus in steter Wechselwirkung mit zahlreichen Umweltfaktoren stehen. Um Rückschlüsse auf die Humansituation ziehen zu können, muss sich die neurobiologische Grundlagenforschung daher auf valide Tiermodelle konzentrieren - ein Gesichtspunkt der lange Zeit vernachlässigt wurde.

Summary

Anxiety disorders are amongst the most common psychiatric diseases. A causal therapy of anxiety disorders can only be attained on the basis of a more profound understanding of the neurobiology underlying anxiety in animal models and a careful extrapolation to the human situation. Today's task is to identify neurobiological systems beyond the usual suspects (such as monoamines) which are causally involved in the aetiology and pathogenesis of pathological anxiety. A multitude of genes, interacting with each other as well as with numerous environmental factors, contribute to complex behaviours and their pathological variants. To be able to draw conclusions about the human situation, the use of valid animal models is indispensable in preclinical research - a fact that has long been overlooked.

Key Words

genetic - anxiety disorders - polymorphism - development of psychotropic drugs

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