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DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-865100
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Vergleich verschiedener Stuhltests zur Detektion von Neoplasien des Kolon
Comparison of different stool tests for the detection of cancer of the colonPublication History
eingereicht: 30.7.2004
akzeptiert: 3.2.2005
Publication Date:
30 March 2005 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Die Koloskopie ist der Goldstandard in der Diagnostik von neoplastischen Kolonerkrankungen. Wegen der geringen Akzeptanz, der erforderlichen Darmreinigung und des (wenn auch geringen) Risikos von Perforation oder Blutung sind alternative Verfahren - vor allem Stuhluntersuchungen - in den Blickpunkt gerückt.
Patienten und Methodik: Bei 116 Patienten (44 männlich, 72 weiblich, Durchschnittsalter 47 Jahre), die sich zur Koloskopie vorstellten und von 22 Patienten (17 m., 5 w., Durchschnitt 69 J.) mit bekanntem kolorektalen Karzinom wurde eine Stuhlprobe gewonnen. Diese wurden mit einem biochemischen (Guajak) und einem immunologischen Test zum Nachweis okkulten Blutes im Stuhl und einem Test zum Nachweis der dimeren Form der Pyruvatkinase M2 (M2-PK) untersucht.
Ergebnisse: Die Sensitivität bezüglich der Detektion eines kolorektalen Karzinoms bzw. eines Polypen betrug 27 % bzw. 10 % für den biochemischen Test, 91 % bzw. 19 % für den immunologischen Test und 77 % bzw. 48 % für den M2-PK-Test bei einer Spezifität von 89 %, 94 % und 72 %.
Folgerungen: Die beiden Verfahren zum Nachweis okkulten Blutes zeigten eine vergleichbare Spezifität. Die Sensitivität des immunologischen Verfahrens zur Detektion von kolorektalen Karzinomen ist signifikant höher als die des biochemischen Verfahrens. Der M2-PK-Test hat eine im Vergleich zum immunologischen Verfahren deutlich niedrigere Spezifität bei der Karzinomdiagnostik. Aufgrund der geringen Sensitivität für Polypen ist der Nutzen der Stuhluntersuchungen fraglich. Der Stellenwert der Stuhluntersuchungen sollte entsprechend dargestellt werden, mit dem Ziel, die Motivation zu einer Koloskopie zu verbessern.
Summary
Background and objective: Colonoscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of colonic neoplasia. Because of the low compliance, the discomfort of bowel preparation and the procedure itself and the (albeit small) risk of perforation or bleeding alternative procedures such as stool tests are being focused on.
Patients and methods: After informed consent stool samples of 116 patients (44male, 72 female, median age 47 years), scheduled for colonoscopy and 22 patients (17 m, 5 f, 69 y) with known colorectal cancer stool samples were collected. The samples were investigated by three methods: a biochemical (Guajak) test for fecal occult blood, an immunological test for fecal occult blood and a test determining the dimer pyruvat kinase M2 (tumor M2-PK).
Results: Sensitivity for detection of colorectal cancer or polyps was 27 % and 10 % for the biochemical test, 91 % and 19 % for the immunological test and 77 % and 48 % for the M2-PK-test, respectively. Specifity was 89 %, 94 % and 72 %, respectively.
Conclusions: Both methods for detection of occult blood had a similar specifity. The sensitivity of the immunological test for the detection of colorectal cancer was significantly higher. The M2-PK-test had a markedly lower specifity in diagnosing cancer. Because of the low sensitivity for polyps the usefulness of stool tests is questionable. Reducing incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer should be achieved by colonoscopy, a recommendation that requires specific communication to the public.
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Prof. Dr. med. G. Möslein
Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf
Moorenstraße 5
40225 Düsseldorf
Phone: 0049/211/8116397
Fax: 0049/211/819984
Email: Moeslein@uni-duesseldorf.de