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DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-863062
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Klinische Ergebnisse der Dünndarm- und Multiviszeraltransplantation an der Berliner Charité
Eine FallserieClinical results of intestinal and multivisceral transplantation at the Charité, BerlinPublikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 9.7.2004
akzeptiert: 13.1.2005
Publikationsdatum:
17. Februar 2005 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Die Dünndarmtransplantation (DTx) ist die einzige kausale Therapie des Kurzdarmsyndromes (KDS). In den letzten Jahren wurde das Langzeitüberleben nach DTx entscheidend verbessert. Es werden die aktuellen Erfahrungen mit der DTx an der Charité, Campus Virchow Klinikum, vorgestellt.
Patienten und Methoden: Es wurden 12 isolierte DTx und eine Multiviszeraltransplantation (einschließlich Magen, Duodenum, Pankreas, Dünndarm, Leber, Colon ascendens, rechte Nebenniere, rechte Niere) durchgeführt. Das mittlere Empfängeralter betrug 37,7±10,6 Jahre (Median: 35 Jahre; 27 - 58 Jahre; M:W = 8:5). Alle Patienten litten an einem irreversiblen KDS (0 - 30 cm Rest-Dünndarmlänge; Mittelwert: 11,8±11,4 cm; Median: 13 cm)
Ergebnisse: Die 6- Monats- und 1-Jahres-Patienten- und Transplantatüberlebensraten betrugen 85 % (11/13) bzw. 77 % (10/13). Ursachen des Transplantatverlustes bzw. des Todes der Patienten waren nekrotisierende Enterokolitis, schwere Muromonab-resistente, akute Rejektion sowie Transplantatischämie bei komplexer Koagulopathie. Alle übrigen Patienten hatten einen erfreulichen Langzeitverlauf: Sie wurden 6 Stunden postoperativ enteral ernährt und waren 2 Wochen nach DTx unabhängig von total parenteraler Ernährung (TPE).
Folgerung: Die klinische DTx wurde mit 1-Jahres-Patienten- und Organüberlebensraten von 77 % entsprechend derzeitigem internationalem Standard in unserem Zentrum etabliert. Die DTx ist ein Komplementärverfahren zur konservativen und operativen Therapie des KDS. Die Vorstellungs- und Indikationskriterien bedürfen weiterer Verbreitung, um lebensgefährliche Komplikationen der TPE zu vermeiden.
Summary
Background and objective: Intestinal transplantation (ITx) is the only causal therapy of short bowel syndrome (SBS). Long-term survival after ITx has been improved significantly during the last years. The experience with ITx at the Charité, Campus Virchow Klinikum, are described and discussed.
Patients and methods: Twelve isolated ITx and one multivisceral transplantation (including stomach, pancreatodudenal complex, small intestine, liver, ascending colon, right kidney, and adrenal gland) were performed. Mean recipient age was 37.7±10.6 yrs (median: 35 yrs; range: 27 - 58 yrs; M:F = 8:5). All patients had irreversible SBS (0 - 30 cm residual bowel length; mean: 11.8±11.4 cm; median: 13 cm)
Results: 6-months and 1-year patient and graft survival were 85 % (11/13) and 77 % (10/13), respectively. Reasons for graft loss and patient death were necrotizing enterocolitis, severe, muromonab-resistent, acute rejection, and graft ischemia due to complex coagulopathy. All other patients had good long-term outcome. They received enteral nutrition at six hours after operation and were persistently off total parenteral nutrition (TPN) by week two after ITx.
Conclusion: ITx as established in our centre, with 1-year-patient and graft survival rates of 77 %, reflects current international standard. ITx is complementary to conservative and other operative methods of treating SBS. Referral and indication criteria need wider dissemination to prevent life-threatening complications of TPN.
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Dr. med. Andreas Pascher
Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsmedizin
Berlin, Charité - Campus Virchow Klinikum
Augustenburger Platz 1
13353 Berlin
Telefon: 030/450652253
Fax: 030/450552900
eMail: andreas.pascher@charite.de