Zusammenfassung
Die Sepsis ist eine der häufigsten Infektionskrankheiten auf der Intensivstation
und geht mit einer substantiellen Sterblichkeit einher. Diese konnte trotz einer
Vielzahl verbesserter supportiver Maßnahmen im Bereich der Volumen-, Katecholamin-
und endokrinologischen Therapie in den letzten Jahren nicht ausreichend gesenkt
werden. Grund hierfür ist, dass der wesentliche Schritt zur erfolgreichen Überwindung
der Sepsis in der chirurgischen Herdsanierung liegt, aber Fokussuche nicht mit
höhster Konsequenz betrieben wird. Zudem ist die antibiotische Therapie des
Infektionsfokus nicht immer optimal, zumal die Resistenzentwicklung der gängigen
Antibiotika gegenüber den wichtigsten Infektionserregern zunimmt. Da bis auf Teilbereiche
keine wesentliche Neu- und Weiterentwicklung antiinfektiver Substanzen in den
nächsten Jahren zu erwarten ist, muss das Hauptaugenmerk auf die Infektionsvermeidung
und die Optimierung der antibiotischen Strategien gerichtet werden. Zentral ist
daher eine breite, hochdosierte Initialtherapie, eine klinisch orientierte Deeskalationsstrategie
und eine - mit Ausnahmen - auf 7 - 10 Tagen begrenzte Therapiedauer. Rotierende
Antibiotikastrategien sollten immer dann angestrebt werden, wenn Resistenzprobleme
existieren und keine infektiologische Kompetenz auf der Intensivstation vorhanden
ist.
Summary
Sepsis is one of the most frequent infectious problems at Intensive Care Units,
and sepsis is assocciatad with significant mortality. The latter could not be
markedly reduced in the last years, despite a number of advances in the field
of volume substitution, catecholamines, and endocrinologic therapy. The reason
might be that important steps towards overcoming of sepsis are the surgical resection
of infectious foci and an adequate antibiotic treatment. A critical role plays
the growing resistance of pathogens against the common antibiotics. Since no major
progress in the development of new antibiotics can be expected for the next years,
sepsis treatment must be focused on prevention of infection, and on an optimised
application of current antibiotic substances. The key factors are a broad and
high dose initial treatment, a de-escalation strategy according to the clinical
course, and -with exceptions- a limitation of treatment to 7 to 10 days. Rotation
of antibiotics should be performed, if problems with resistances exist or no
specialist for infectious diseases is available on the Intensive Care Unit.
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1 Die Arbeit wurde unterstützt durch das Kompetenznetz Sepsis (SepNet), gefördert
vom deutschen Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Förderkennzeichen:
01 KI 0106)
Prof. Dr. Tobias Welte
Abteilung Pneumologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1
30625 Hannover
Telefon: 0511/5323531
Fax: 0511/5323353
eMail: welte.tobias@mh-hannover.de