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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-826854
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Vaskuläre Progenitorzellen und Atherogenese
Regression und Regeneration durch das Knochenmark?Vascular progenitor cells and atherogenesisRegression and regeneration by bone marrow-devided cells?Publikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 24.9.2003
akzeptiert: 15.1.2004
Publikationsdatum:
21. Juli 2004 (online)

Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen sind die häufigste Todesursache in den westlichen Industrienationen. Diabetes mellitus, Nikotinabusus, Hyperlipidämie, arterielle Hypertonie sowie Alter führen über eine Schädigung der gefäßauskleidenden Endothelzellschicht zur endothelialen Dysfunktion, die mit einer erhöhten Permeabilität der Endothelzellschicht, Apoptose und Veränderungen der Oberflächen- und Adhäsionsmoleküle einhergeht. Die gesteigerte Adhäsion von Thrombozyten und die Invasion von Entzündungszellen in die Gefäßwand, gefolgt von Migration und Proliferation glatter Gefäßmuskelzellen, führen zur Entstehung einer atherosklerotischen Plaque [29].
Ein gesundes Gefäßendothel bzw. die Regeneration und Rekonstitution einer geschädigten Endothelzellschicht sind für die Vermeidung von Atherosklerose und Restenosierungsprozessen nach Herzkatheterinterventionen von entscheidender Bedeutung [27]. Bislang ging man davon aus, dass die reparativen Mechanismen nach einer Endothelläsion durch die angrenzenden Endothelzellen via Proliferation und Wachstum per continuitatem erfolgen. Neuere Untersuchungen zeigen, dass auch zirkulierende endotheliale Progenitorzellen (EPC) aus dem Knochenmark eine wichtige Rolle spielen [2] [11]. Welchen Einfluss aus dem Knochenmark stammende Zellen bei der Atherogenese haben, ist gegenwärtig Gegenstand intensiver Forschung.
Im Folgenden werden neue Erkenntnisse der Stammzellbiologie vorgestellt und die Plastizität von adulten Stammzellen näher beleuchtet. Es werden die wichtigsten experimentellen und klinischen Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Stamm- und Progenitorzellen auf kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen diskutiert. Einen besonderen Schwerpunkt wird dabei die Rolle von vaskulären Stamm- und Progenitorzellen bei der Atherogenese einnehmen.
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Dr. med. Nikos Werner
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie/Angiologie),
Universitätskliniken des Saarlandes
66421 Homburg-Saar
Telefon: 06841/1623372
Fax: 06841/1623369
eMail: werner@med-in.uni-sb.de