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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-823036
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Arzneimittelinteraktionen im Alter
Drug interactions in the elderlyPublication History
eingereicht: 12.11.2003
akzeptiert: 12.2.2004
Publication Date:
08 April 2004 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Mit zunehmendem Alter steigt nicht nur die Zahl der Erkrankungen, sondern auch die Menge der durchschnittlich eingenommenen Medikamente pro Patient. Darüber hinaus liegt im Alter eine Minderung der Clearance der wichtigsten Eliminationsorgane des menschlichen Organismus - der Nieren und der Leber - vor. Somit prädestinieren Multimorbidität, konsekutive Multimedikation (bis hin zur Polypragmasie) und eine reduzierte Clearanceleistung von Leber und Nieren für die Entstehung von Arzneimittelinteraktionen bei alten Menschen. Aber nicht alle Arzneimittelinteraktionen resultieren in schwerwiegenden Komplikationen, wie die des Lipidsenkers Cerivastatin (Rhabdomyolysen) und des T-Kanal-Blockers Mibefradil (rhythmologische Komplikationen, Rhabdomyolysen). Ein großer Teil der Medikamenteninteraktionen löst nur unspezifische Symptome aus, die bei vielen Patienten übersehen und zum Teil auf das fortgeschrittene Alter der Patienten geschoben werden. Dazu zählen Verwirrtheit, Apathie, Ohnmacht, Stürze und Inkontinenz. Die Kenntnis typischer Arzneimittelinteraktionen und der zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen sowie die aufmerksame Beobachtung des Patienten bei Umstellung der Medikation ist daher wichtig, um vermeidbare Komplikationen einer Behandlung mit mehreren Arzneimitteln zu verhindern.
Summary
With increasing age not only the number of comorbid diseases, but also the amount of drugs that are prescribed on average per patient is growing. Furthermore there is a age related reduction regarding the clearance for the elimination of drugs of the most important organs - namely the kidney and liver. Therefore multimorbidity, consecutive multimedication (polypragmasia) and a reduced clearance of liver and kidneys accounts for drug-drug interactions in the elderly. But not all drug-drug interactions result in severe complications as the ones that led to the withdrawal of the lipid lowering agent Cerivastatin (rhabdomyolysis) and the T-channel blocker Mibefradil (arrhythmias, rhabdomyolysis). A substantial proportion of drug-drug interactions evokes more unspecific symptoms which are overlooked in many patients and are often ascribed to the age of the patient. These symptoms are confusion, apathy, dizzy spells, falls and incontinence. The knowledge of typical drug-drug interactions and of the underlying mechanisms as well as the closed observation of symptoms in patients with a change in drug prescription is therefore important to alleviate preventable complications of treatment with several drugs.
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Dr. med. Peter Bramlage
Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität
Dresden
Fiedlerstraße 27
01307 Dresden
Phone: 0351/4582815
Fax: 0351/4584341
Email: peter.bramlage@mailbox.tu-dresden.de