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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-818625
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Nierenfunktion bei hypertensiven Patienten mit obstruktiver Schlafapnoe
Renal function in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apneaPublikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 5.8.2003
akzeptiert: 23.10.2003
Publikationsdatum:
05. Februar 2004 (online)

Hintergrund: Patienten mit essentieller arterieller Hypertonie leiden sehr häufig an einer obstruktiven Schlafapnoe (OSA). Neben der Hypertonie haben OSA-Patienten oft weitere Risikofaktoren (Hypoxämie, Lipidstoffwechselstörungen, gesteigerte Sympathikusaktivität), die zu einem progredienten Nierenfunktionsverlust beitragen könnten. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, renale Funktionsparameter bei OSA-Patienten mit und ohne Hypertonie zu vergleichen.
Methodik: 81 konsekutive Patienten mit Verdacht auf eine schlafbezogene Atmungsstörung (50 Männer/31 Frauen) wurden schlafmedizinisch untersucht. Parameter der Nierenfunktion (Serumkreatinin, endogene Kreatininclearance und Mikroalbuminausscheidung), des Lipid- und Glucosestoffwechsels wurden untersucht und mit polysomnographischen Befunden korreliert.
Ergebnisse: Bei 57 der 81 Patienten fand sich eine OSA (Apopnoe-Hypopnoe-Index [AHI] ≥ 5/h). Der mittlere AHI betrug 26,7 ± 26,1/h. 63/81 Patienten wiesen eine Hypertonie auf (Blutdruck ≥ 140/90 mmHg oder antihypertensive Medikation). Das Serumkreatinin von Patienten mit OSA war signifikant höher als das von Patienten ohne OSA (1,11 ± 0,15 vs. 0,91 ± 0,12 mg/dl, p < 0,001). Die Höhe des Serumkreatinins korrelierte signifikant mit dem AHI. Die endogene Kreatininclearance korrelierte mit dem Alter (r = -0,314; p = 0,014) und der Diagnose OSA (r = 0,265; p = 0,039). Keine Korrelation fand sich zwischen Hypertonie und Serumkreatinin oder endogener Kreatininclearance. Eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen Mikroalbuminurie und Höhe des Blutdruckes, nicht jedoch dem Vorliegen einer OSA ließ sich nachweisen.
Folgerung: Die Ergebnisse weisen auf einen von anderen Einflüssen unabhängigen Zusammenhang zwischen der Erstdiagnose einer unbehandelten OSA und eingeschränkter exkretorischer Nierenfunktion hin. Weitere prospektive Studien sind erforderlich, um die pathopyhsiologischen Zusammenhänge aufzuklären.
Background: Patients with hypertension often suffer from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In addition to hypertension several other risk factors (hypoxemia, hyperlipidemia, and increased sympathic nerve activity) may contribute to progressive renal dysfunction in OSA patients. The aim of this study was to compare renal function in OSA-patients with and without hypertension.
Methods: 81 consecutive patients (50 males, 31 females) were screened for sleep apnea. Parameters of renal function (serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, microalbuminuria), and of lipid and glucose metabolism were correlated to polysomnographic results.
Results: OSA (apnea/hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 5) was found in 57 of 81 patients. Mean AHI was 26.7 ± 26.1. Hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive drugs) occurred in 63 of 81 patients. Serum creatinine in OSA patients was significantly higher than in patients without OSA (1.11 ± 0.15 vs. 0.91 ± 0.12 mg/dl, p < 0.001). Serum creatinine correlated significantly with AHI. Creatinine clearance was associated with age (r = -0.314; p = 0.014) and presence of OSA (r = 0.265; p = 0.093). No correlation was shown between hypertension and serum creatinine or creatinine clearance. Microalbuminuria was not associated with OSA.
Conclusion: Our results suggest an independent association between OSA and impaired renal function. Further prospective studies will have to be done to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Dr. med. Nikolaus J. Büchner
Medizinische Klinik I am Marienhospital Herne, Klinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Hölkeskampring 40
44625 Herne
Telefon: 02323/4991671
Fax: 02323/499302
eMail: nikolaus.buechner@ruhr-uni-bochum.de