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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-40105
Mitomycininduziertes hämolytisch-urämisches Syndrom
Mitomycin induced hemolytic uremic syndromePublication History
eingereicht: 7.1.2003
akzeptiert: 30.1.2003
Publication Date:
18 June 2003 (online)

Anamnese und klinischer Befund: Bei einem 58-jährigen Patienten mit Sigmakarzinom (G2T3N1M0) entwickelte sich im Rahmen der postoperativ durchgeführten Chemotherapie mit Mitomycin C nach 3 Monaten eine progrediente Niereninsuffizienz mit Gewichtsverlust von 11 kg. Die Aufnahme des Patienten erfolgte im Lungenödem bei bestehender Anurie mit therapierefraktärer hämolytischer Anämie und Thrombozytopenie.
Untersuchungen: CT-Thorax- und Bronchoskopie zeigten diffuse pulmonale Hämorrhagien. Tumorrezidiv oder Metastasierung konnten ausgeschlossen werden. Die Nierenbiopsie zeigte eine Mesangiolyse und eine konzentrische Intimaproliferation der Arteriolen. Neben Hämolysezeichen und Fragmentozytennachweis im Blut fand sich eine medikamentös-toxische Knochenmarkschädigung.
Therapie und Verlauf: Unter Plasmaseparation und Hochdosiskortisontherapie kam es erst nach einwöchiger beatmungspflichtiger Ateminsuffizienz zum Rückgang der Krankheitsaktivität, die sich als Niereninsuffizienz, Knochenmarkinsuffizienz und pulmonale Hämorrhagien äußerte.
Folgerung: Eine Lungenbeteiligung im Rahmen des hämolytisch-urämischen Syndroms stellt eine seltene Organbeteiligung mit hoher Letalität dar. Der vorliegende Fall illustriert, dass die korrekte Behandlung des hämolytisch- urämischen Syndroms (HUS) eine differenzierte Diagnostik voraussetzt. Bei progredienter Nierenfunkionseinschränkung unter Chemotherapie sollte eine Dosisanpassung erfolgen, da es insbesondere unter Mitomycin C zu einer dosisabhängigen Schädigung kommen kann.
History and clinical findings: A 58-year-old patient suffered from rapidly progressing renal insufficiency and 11 kg weightloss three months after adjuvant treatment of a carcinoma of the lower bowel (G2T3N1M0) with mitomycine C. At the point of hospitalisation the patient was anuric while suffering from pulmonary oedema, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia.
Investigations: Computed tomography and bronchial endoscopy showed pulmonary haemorrhage. Recurrence of carcinoma or metastases were excluded. Renal biopsy revealed mesangiolysis and concentric intimaproliferation (onion skinning). Beside haemolytic anaemia and fragmentocytes toxic damage of the bone marrow was found.
Treatment and course: After one week treatment in the intensive care unit because of respiratory insufficiency recovery was observed under plasma separation and high dose corticosteroid therapy. Disease activity involved renal failure, bone marrow insufficiency, microangiopathic anaemia thrombopenia and pulmonary haemorrhage.
Conclusion: Lung involvement in the course of haemolytic uremic syndrome is rare and carries a high lethality. The case illustrates the need of detailed diagnostic for correct treatment of haemolytic uremic syndrome. If chemotherapy is required in patients with pre-existing or intercurrent renal failure dose adaptation is necessary to avoid dose-dependent toxicity of mitomycine C.
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Dr. Geraldine Zeller
I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik,
Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Langenbeckstraße 1
55101 Mainz
Phone: 06131/177134
Fax: 06131/175550