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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-36660
Diagnose der koronaren Herzkrankheit bei Frauen
Besonderheiten, Schwierigkeiten und risikostratifiziertes VorgehenDiagnosis of coronary heart disease in womenProblems, peculiarities and risk-stratified managementPublication History
eingereicht: 5.11.2001
akzeptiert: 2.10.2002
Publication Date:
16 January 2003 (online)

Die meisten Frauen sehen in Krebserkrankungen, insbesondere Brustkrebs, die größte Bedrohung für ihre Gesundheit. Das Risiko, in absehbarer Zeit an einem Herzleiden zu erkranken, wird als relativ gering eingestuft. Diese subjektive Einschätzung der Frauen bezüglich ihrer Gesundheitsrisiken spiegelt jedoch keinesfalls die Realität wider. Insgesamt mehr Frauen sterben an kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen als an Krebs, Unfällen, chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung und Diabetes zusammengenommen [11] (Abb. [1] ). Entgegen der weitverbreiteten Meinung haben nicht Männer mittleren Alters, sondern postmenopausale Frauen das höchste Erkrankungsrisiko. Die wachsende Bedrohung der Frauen lässt sich an der jährlich steigenden Mortalitätsrate an kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen ablesen, die im Gegensatz zu der abnehmenden Zahl der Gesamttodesfälle steht.
Die koronare Herzkrankheit (KHK) ist die häufigste Todesursache von Frauen in den Vereinigten Staaten [3]. Die Letalität der Frauen durch eine koronare Herzkrankheit ist vergleichbar mit der 10 Jahre jüngerer Männer. Aufgrund der höheren Lebenserwartung der Frauen ist die Gesamtzahl der Todesfälle durch KHK in beiden Geschlechtern allerdings annähernd gleich groß.
Abb. 1 Führende Todesursachen bei weißen Frauen in den USA im Jahr 1999 [3].
Die hohe Mortalität der Frauen im Zusammenhang mit dem ersten Myokardinfarkt macht die rechtzeitige Diagnose einer beginnenden KHK ganz besonders wichtig. Eine frühe Diagnose ermöglicht eine adäquate Therapie und Modulation der Risikofaktoren und führt so zu einer Verbesserung der Prognose. Fehlende oder atypische Symptomatik und eine vergleichsweise andere Wertung der kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren erschweren dies. Auch die üblichen nicht invasiven Testverfahren haben bei Frauen häufig eine verminderte Aussagekraft, so dass die Stellung der richtigen Diagnose für den betreuenden Arzt zu einer besonderen Herausforderung wird.
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