Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-34529
Polyneuropathie - Diagnostik
Polyneuropathy - DiagnosticPublication History
eingereicht: 6.5.2002
akzeptiert: 31.7.2002
Publication Date:
02 October 2002 (online)

Polyneuropathien (PNP) sind erworbene oder hereditäre Erkrankungen des peripheren Nerven. Klinisch objektive Symptome sind Reflexausfälle, Entwicklung schlaffer atrophischer Paresen und Störungen der Oberflächen- und Tiefensensibilität, letztere verbunden mit einer Gang- und Standataxie. Dazu kommen subjektive sensible Reizerscheinungen (Hypästhesien, Parästhesien, Dysästhesien), abhängig von den betroffenen Nervenfasern. Besteht der Verdacht auf eine PNP, kann anhand neurophysiologischer Untersuchungen (Elektromyographie und -neurographie) zwischen primär axonaler und demyelinisierender Neuropathie unterschieden werden. Initial ist auch die Einteilung nach Verteilungstyp der PNP und Progredienz hilfreich, da bei rascher Progredienz schnelle Diagnostik inklusive Lumbalpunktion und Biopsie (Nerv und/oder Muskel) angezeigt ist. Definitionsgemäß zeigt eine akut auftretende PNP eine Progression von < 4 Wochen, eine subakut verlaufende PNP eine 4-8 Wochen dauernde und eine chronisch verlaufende PNP eine länger als 8 Wochen dauernde Progression [15]. Bleibt die Ätiologie trotz Labor-, Liquordiagnostik und Biopsie ungeklärt, ist eine Tumorsuche sinnvoll, die im Verlauf der Erkrankung auch wiederholt werden sollte.
Literatur
- 1
Antoine J C, Mosnier J F, Absi L. et al .
Carcinoma associated paraneoplastic
peripheral neuropathies in patients with and without anti-onconeuronal
antibodies.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
1999;
67
7-14
MissingFormLabel
- 2
Asbury A K, Cornblath D R.
Assessment
of current diagnostic criteria for Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Ann
Neurol.
1990;
27(suppl)
S21-24
MissingFormLabel
- 3
Bergoffen J A, Trofatter J, Pericak-Vance M A. et al .
Linkage localisation of X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth
disease.
Am J Hum Genet.
1993;
52
312-318
MissingFormLabel
- 4
Beydoun S R, Copeland D.
Bilateral phrenic neuropathy
as a presenting feature of multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction
block.
Muscle Nerve.
2000;
23
556-559
MissingFormLabel
- 5
Cavanna B, Carpo M, Pedotti R. et al .
Anti-GM2 IgM antibodies: clinical correlates
and reactivity with a human neuroblastoma cell line.
J
Neuroimmunol.
1999;
94
157-164
MissingFormLabel
- 6
Chalk C H.
Acquired
peripheral neuropathy.
Neurologic clinics.
1997;
15
501-521
MissingFormLabel
- 7
Chiba A, Kusunoki S, Obata H, Machinami R, Kanazawa I.
Serum
anti-GQ1b IgG antibody is associated with ophthalmoplegia in Miller
Fisher syndrome and Guillain-Barré syndrome: Clinical and
immunohistochemical studies.
Neurology.
1993;
43
1911-1917
MissingFormLabel
- 8
Choi H K, Merkel P A, Walker A M, Niles J L.
Drug-associated
antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive vasculitis: prevalence
among patients with high titers of antimyeloperoxidase antibodies.
Arthritis
Rheum.
2000;
43
405-413
MissingFormLabel
- 9
Dabby R, Wiemer L H, Hays A P. et al .
Antisulfatide antibodies in neuropathy:
clinical and electrophysiologic correlates.
Neurology.
2000;
54
1448-1453
MissingFormLabel
- 10
Drueke T, Barbanel C, Jungers P, Digeon M, Poisson M, Brivet F. et al .
Hepatitis
B antigen-associated periarteritis nodosa in patients undergoing
long-term hemodialysis.
Am J Med.
1980;
68
86-90
MissingFormLabel
- 11
Dyck P J, Benstead T J, Conn D L, Stevens L C, Windebank A J, Low P A.
Nonsystemic
vasculitic neuropathy.
Brain.
1987;
110
843-854
MissingFormLabel
- 12 Dyck P J, Prineas J W, Pollard J D. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuroapthy. Philadelphia:
WB Saunders In: Peripheral Neuroathy, edn 3. Edited
by Dyck PJ, Thomas PK, Griffin JW, Low PA, Poduslo J 1993: 1498-1517
MissingFormLabel
- 13
Fisher M.
An
unusual variant of acute idiopathic polyneuritis (syndrome of ophthalmoplegia,
ataxia and areflexia).
N Engl J Med.
1956;
255
57-65
MissingFormLabel
- 14
Gupta S K, Taly A B, Suresh T G, Rao S, Nagaraja D.
Acute
idiopathic axonal neuropathy (AIAN): a clinical and electrophysiological
observation.
Acta Neurol Scand.
1994;
89
220-224
MissingFormLabel
- 15
Hadden R DM, Lunn M PT, Hughes R AC.
Autoimmune inflammatory neuropathy.
Journal
of the Royal college of Physicians of London.
1999;
33
219-224
MissingFormLabel
- 16
Harati Y, Niakan E.
The clinical spectrum
of inflammatory-angiopathic neuropathy.
J Neurol Neurosurg
Psychiat.
1986;
49
1313-1316
MissingFormLabel
- 17
Heckmann J G, Kayser C, Heuss D, Manger B, Blum H E, Neundörfer B.
Neurological manifestations
of chronic hepatitis C.
J Neurol.
1999;
246
486-491
MissingFormLabel
- 18
Hund E F, Fogel W, Krieger D, DeGeorgia M, Hacke W.
Critical
illness polyneuropathy: Clinical findings and outcomes of a frequent
cause of neuromuscular weaning failure.
Crit Care Med.
1996;
24
1328-1333
MissingFormLabel
- 19
Kaeser H E.
Toxische
Polyneuropathien.
Internist.
1984;
25
629
MissingFormLabel
- 20
Kaji R, Shibasaki H, Kimura J.
Multifocal
demyelinating motor neuropathy: cranial nerve involvement and immunoglobulin
therapy.
Neurology.
1992;
42
506-509
MissingFormLabel
- 21
Kissel J T, Mendell J R.
Neuropathies
associated with monoclonal gammopathies.
Neuromusc Disord.
1996;
6
3-18
MissingFormLabel
- 22
Kissel J T, Mendell J R.
Vasculitic
Neuropathy.
Neurol Clin.
1992;
10(3)
761-781
MissingFormLabel
- 23
Lane R JM, Routledge P A.
Drug induced
neurological disorders.
Drugs.
1983;
26
124
MissingFormLabel
- 24
Lupski J R, de Oca-Luna R M, Slaugenhaupt S. et al .
DNA duplication associated with
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A.
Cell.
1991;
66
219-232
MissingFormLabel
- 25
Meier C, Grehl H.
Vasculitic neuropathy
in the Garin-Bujadoux-Bannwarth syndrome. A contribution to the
understanding of the pathology and pathogenesis of the neurological
complications in Lyme borreliosis.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr.
1988;
113
135-138
MissingFormLabel
- 26
Nobile Orazio E, Manfredini E, Carpo M. et al .
Frequency and clinical correlates of anti-neural
IgM antibodies in neuropathy associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy.
Ann
Neurol.
1994;
36
416-424
MissingFormLabel
- 27
Oh S J.
Paraneoplastic
vasculitis of the peripheral nervous system.
Neurol Clin.
1997;
15
849-863
MissingFormLabel
- 28
Pestronk A, Cornblath D R, Ilyas A, Baba H, Quarles R H, Griffin J W, Alderson K, Adams R N.
A treatable
multifocal motor neuropathy with antibodies to GM1 ganglioside.
Ann
Neurol.
1988;
24
73-78
MissingFormLabel
- 29
Rees J H, Gregson N A, Griffin P L, Hughes R AC.
Campylobacter
jejuni and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Quart J Med.
1993;
86
623-634
MissingFormLabel
- 30
Said G, Lacroix-Ciaudo C, Fujimara H, Blas C, Faux N.
The
peripheral neuropathy of necrotizing arteritis: a clinicopathological
study.
Ann Neurol.
1988;
23
461-465
MissingFormLabel
- 31 Schaumburg H, Berger A R. Human toxic
neuropathy due to industrial agents. ed 3 Philadelphia,
WB Saunders In Dyck PJ, Thomas PK (eds): Peripheral
Neuropathy 1993: 1533
MissingFormLabel
- 32
Simmons Z, Albers J W, Bromberg M B. et al .
Long-term follow-up of patients with chronic
inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, without and with monoclonal
gammopathy.
Brain.
1995;
118
359-368
MissingFormLabel
- 33
Wattiaux M J, Kahn M F, Thevenet J P, Sauvezie B, Imbert J C.
Vascular involvement in rheumatoid
polyarthritis. Retrospective study of 37 cases of theumatoid polyarthritis
with vascular involvement and review of the literature.
Ann
Med Interne.
1987;
138
566-587
MissingFormLabel
- 34 Windebank A J. Metal neuropathy. ed 3 Philadelphia,
WB Saunders In Dyck PJ, Thomas PK (eds): Peripheral
Neuropathy 1993: 1549-1570
MissingFormLabel
- 35
Yuki N , Yoshino H, Sato S, Miyatake T.
Acute axonal polyneuropathy
associated with anti GM1 antibodies following Campylobacter enteritis.
Neurology.
1990;
40
1900-1902
MissingFormLabel
Dr. med. Beate Schlotter-Weigel
Friedrich-Baur-Institut an der Neurologischen
Klinik LMU München
Ziemssenstraße 1
80336 München
Phone: 089/51607470
Fax: 089/51607402
Email: b.schlotter@fbs.med.uni-muenchen.de