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DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-34061
Thrombotisch-thrombozytopenische Purpura - seltene Ursache einer Thrombozytopenie bei systemischem Lupus erythematodes
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - a rare cause of thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosusPublication History
eingereicht: 17.6.2002
akzeptiert: 8.8.2002
Publication Date:
12 September 2002 (online)

Anamnese und klinischer Befund: Eine 18-jährige Patientin mit bekanntem systemischem Lupus erythematodes (SLE) wurde wegen einer Anämie, Thrombozytopenie und transitorischer neurologischer Symptomatik stationär eingewiesen. Vorübergehend waren auch Hauteinblutungen aufgetreten. Intermittierend bemerkte die Patientin kardiale Palpitationen. Nachdem vom Hausarzt bereits die Prednisolondosis von 7,5 mg/d auf 20 mg/d erhöht wurde und es nicht zu einer wesentlichen Änderung der Symptomatik kam, erfolgte die stationäre Einweisung. Es wurde ein akuter Schub des SLE vermutet.
Untersuchungen: Die Laborbefunde belegten eine Coombs-negative hämolytische Anämie mit Fragmentozyten. Die von Willebrand-Faktor(vWF)-spaltende Protease war erniedrigt. Es konnte ein Inhibitor des Enzyms nachgewiesen werden. Unauffällig waren unter anderem Anti-ds-DNA, Anti-Sm, C3, BSG und CRP. C4 war leicht erniedrigt. Zerebrales MRT, Hirn-SPECT und Duplexsonographie der extrakraniellen Gefäße waren ohne pathologischen Befund. Das durchgeführte Kardio-MRT ergab Hinweise auf einen Myokardschaden.
Diagnose, Therapie und Verlauf: Als Ursache der aktuellen Symptomatik wurde eine thrombotisch-thrombozytopenische Purpura (M. Moschcowitz) diagnostiziert. Sie war offenbar durch einen Auto-Antikörper gegen die vWF-spaltende Protease bedingt. Nach Intensivierung der Immunsuppression (Prednisolon, Ciclosporin) kam es zur Rückbildung der klinischen und paraklinischen Befunde. Eine Akuttherapie mit Fresh-Frozen-Plasma und Plasmapheresen war bei nur leicht ausgeprägter Klinik nicht erforderlich. Wegen der transitorischen zerebralen Symptomatik verordneten wir vorübergehend ASS in geringer Dosis. Da die myokardialen Auffälligkeiten auch nach 3 Monaten im MRT noch nachweisbar waren, ergänzten wir die Medikation durch einen ACE-Hemmer.
Folgerung: Beim Auftreten einer Thrombozytopenie im Rahmen eines SLE ist eine individuelle Differentialdiagnostik erforderlich. Als seltene Ursache muss eine thrombotisch-thrombozytopenische Purpura ausgeschlossen werden. Die Diagnose muss frühzeitig gestellt und die Therapie frühzeitig eingeleitet werden.
History and admission findings: An 18-year old woman with a systemic lupus erythematosus was referred to our hospital with anaemia, thrombocytopenia and neurological symptoms. Skin haemorrhages had occurred some weeks before. The patient also noticed cardiac palpitations. After the primary care doctor had increased the dosage of prednisolone from 7.5 mg per day to 20 mg per day the symptoms didn’t substantially cange and that the patient was referred to hospital. An acute lupus flare was assumed.
Investigations: Laboratory examinations showed a Coombs-negative haemolytic anaemia with schistocytes. Von Willebrand factor(vWF)-cleaving protease was decreased. The presence of an inhibitor of the enzyme was proved. Further test results as anti-ds-DNA, anti-Sm, C3, ESR, CRP were normal. C4 was slightly decreased. Cerebral MRI, cerebral SPECT and Duplex sonography of the extracranial arteries didn’t show any pathologic findings. The performed MRI of the heart revealed signs of myocardial damage.
Diagnosis, treatment and course: As cause of the recent symptoms a thrombotic-thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) was diagnosed. This obviously was due to an auto-antibody against the vWF-cleaving protease. After intensive immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone and ciclosporin the clinical and laboratory findings normalised. An acute therapy with fresh frozen plasma and plasmapheresis was not necessary, as the symptoms were moderate. Because of the transient cerebral deficits for a short time we administered a low dose of aspirin. The MRI signs of myocardial affection didn’t change after 3 months of immunosuppressive treatment so that we started an ACE inhibitor treatment.
Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus demands an individual differential diagnosis. Rare causes as TTP have to be excluded. This disorder has to be diagnosed quickly and the adequate therapy has to be started early.
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Dr. med. Alexander Natusch
Rheumaklinik Berlin-Buch
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13125 Berlin
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