Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-25188
Stellenwert niedermolekularer Heparine in der Therapie akuter koronarer Syndrome
Low-molecular heparins in the treatment of the acute coronary syndromePublication History
                     10.12.2001
                     
                     14.3.2002
                     
Publication Date:
18 April 2002 (online)

Die Therapie akuter koronarer Syndrome - instabile Angina pectoris und akuter Herzinfarkt - hat sich in den letzten Jahren durch aktuelle Studienergebnisse verändert. Diese Veränderungen beruhen zum einen auf pharmakologischen Neuerungen wie der Plättcheninhibitortherapie mit Clopidogrel und Glykoprotein IIb/IIIa-Antagonisten. Zum anderen hat die Troponinbestimmung zu einer besseren Risikostratifizierung des Patienten mit akutem koronaren Syndrom geführt, so dass Entscheidungen über ein frühes invasives oder konservatives Vorgehen in der Akutsituation möglich sind. Während sich die direkten Thrombininhibitoren in dieser klinischen Situation nicht haben etablieren können, kommt der antithrombotischen Therapie mit niedermolekularen Heparinen (LMWH) als Ersatz für das seit Jahrzehnten verwendete unfraktionierte Heparin (UFH) große Bedeutung zu. Im Folgenden wird der Stellenwert der LMWH in der Therapie akuter koronarer Syndrome vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Studienergebnisse dargestellt.
Literatur
- 1 
            Antman E M. 
            Dose-ranging trial of enoxaparin for unstable angina: results 
            					 of TIMI 11A. 
            J Am Coll 
            					 Cardiol. 
            1997; 
            29 
            1474-1482 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 2 
            Antman E M, Cohen M, Radley D. et al. for the TIMI 11B (Thrombolysis in Myocardial 
            						Infarction) and ESSENCE (Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in 
            						Non-Q-wave Coronary Events) Investigators .
            Assessment of the treatment effect of enoxaparin for unstable 
            					 angina/non-Q-wave myocardial 
            					 infarction. 
            Circulation. 
            1999; 
            100 
            1602-1608 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 3 
            Antman E M, McCabe C H, Gurfinkel E P. et al. for the TIMI 11B Investigators .
            Enoxaparin prevents death and cardiac ischemic events in 
            					 unstable angina/non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Results of Thrombolysis 
            					 in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 11B 
            					 Trial. 
            Circulation. 
            1999; 
            100 
            1593-1601 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 4 
            Antman E M. 
            The search for replacements for unfractionated 
            					 heparin. 
            Circulation. 
            2001; 
            103 
            2310-2314 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 5 
            The Assessment of the safety and efficacy of a new 
            						thrombolytic regimen (ASSENT)-3 investigators .
            Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in combination with 
            					 enoxaparin, abciximab, or unfractionated heparin: the ASSENT-3 randomised trial
            
            					 in acute myocardial 
            					 infarction. 
            Lancet. 
            2001; 
            358 
            605-613 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 6 
            Becker R C, Ball S P, Eisenberg P. et al .
            A randomized, multicenter trial of weight-adjusted 
            					 intravenous heparin dose titration and point-of-care coagulation monitoring
            in 
            					 hospitalized patients with active thromboembolic disease. Antithrombotic 
            					 therapy consortium investigators. 
            Am Heart 
            					 J. 
            1999; 
            137 
            59-71 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 7 
            Bertrand M E, Simoons M L, Fox K AA. et al .
            Management of acute coronary syndromes: acute coronary 
            					 syndromes without persistent ST segment elevation. 
            Eur Heart 
            					 J. 
            2000; 
            21 
            1406-1432 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 8 
            Braunwald E. 
            Management of unstable angina based on considerations of 
            					 aetiology. 
            Heart. 
            1999; 
            82 
            (Suppl 
            						I) 
            15-17 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 9 
            Braunwald E, Antman E M, Beasley J W. et al .
            ACC/AHA Guidelines for the management of patients with 
            					 unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: executive
            
            					 summary and 
            					 recommendations. 
            Circulation. 
            2000; 
            102 
            1193-1209 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 10 Carlsson J, Miketic S, Tebbe U. Heparin und niedermolekulare Heparine in der Therapie akuter 
            					 koronarer Syndrome. München, Medikon 
            					 Verlag In: Schrader, J. (Hrsg.) Niedermolekulare Heparine 
            					 - Fragmin. 1. 
            					 Auflage 1995: 70-81 
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 11 
            Cohen M, Demers C, Gurfinkel E P. et al. for the Efficacy and Safeety of Subcutaneous 
            						Enoxaparin in Non-q-wave Coronary Events Study Group (ESSENCE) .
            A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with 
            					 unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease. 
            N Engl J 
            					 Med. 
            1997; 
            337 
            447-452 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 12 
            Cohen M, Stinnett S S, Weatherley B D. et al .
            Predictors of recurrent ischemic events and death in unstable 
            					 coronary artery disease after treatment with combination antithrombotic 
            					 therapy. 
            Am Heart 
            					 J. 
            2000; 
            139 
            962-970 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 13 
            Collet J P, Montalescot G, Lison L. et al .
            Percutaneous coronary intervention after subcutaneous 
            					 enoxaparin pretreatment in patients with unstable angina 
            					 pectoris. 
            Circulation. 
            2001; 
            103 
            658-663 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 14 
            Collignon F, Frydman A, Caplain H. et al .
            Comparison of the pharmacokinetic profiles of three low 
            					 molecular mass heparins - dalteparin, enoxaparin, and nadroparin - 
            					 administered subcutaneously in healthy volunteers (doses for prevention of 
            					 thromboembolism). 
            Thromb 
            					 Haemost. 
            1995; 
            73 
            630-640 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 15 
            Eikelbloom I W, Anand S S, Malmberg K, Weitz J I, Ginsberg J S, Yusuf S. 
            Unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin in 
            					 acute coronary syndrome without ST-elevation: a 
            					 meta-analysis. 
            Lancet. 
            2000; 
            355 
            1936-1942 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 16 
            Fox K A, Goodman S, Bigonzi F, Le 
            						  Louer V, Cohen M. 
            Inter-regional differences and outcome in unstable angina; 
            					 analysis of the international ESSENCE trial. Efficacy and Safety of 
            					 Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in Non-Q-wave Coronary Events. 
            Eur Heart 
            					 J. 
            2000; 
            21 
            1433-1439 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 17 
            FRISC-Study Group. Fragmin during instability in Coronary 
            						Artery Disease (FRISC) Study Group .
            Low-molecular-weight heparin during instability in coronary 
            					 artery 
            					 disease. 
            Lancet. 
            1996; 
            347 
            561-568 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 18 
            FRISC-II-Study Group .
            Invasive compared with non-invasive treatment in unstable 
            					 coronary-artery disease: FRISC II prospective randomised multicentre 
            					 study. 
            Lancet. 
            1999; 
            354 
            708-714 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 19 
            FRISC-II-Study Group .
            Long-term low-molecular-mass heparin in unstable 
            					 coronary-artery disease: FRISC II prospective randomised multicentre 
            					 study. 
            Lancet. 
            1999; 
            354 
            701-707 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 20 
            Glick A, Kornowsky R, Michowich Y. et al .
            Reduction of reinfarction and angina with use of 
            					 low-molecular-weight heparin therapy after streptokinase (and heparin) in acute
            
            					 myocardial infarction. 
            Am J 
            					 Cardiol. 
            1996; 
            77 
            1145-1148 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 21 
            Goodman S G, Cohen M, Bigonzi F. et al .
            Randomized trial of low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) 
            					 versus unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease: one-year
            
            					 results of the ESSENCE Study. Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin
            in 
            					 Non-Q Wave Coronary Events. 
            J Am Coll 
            					 Cardiol. 
            2000; 
            36 
            693-698 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 22 
            Goodman S G, Barr A, Sobtchouk A. et al .
            Low molecular weight heparin decreases rebound ischemia in 
            					 unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: the Canadian ESSENCE S
            
            					 segment monitoring substudy. 
            J Am Coll 
            					 Cardiol. 
            2000; 
            36 
            1507-1513 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 23 
            Goodman S G, Bozovich G, Tan M. et al .
            The greatest benefit of enoxaparin (low molecular weight 
            					 heparin) over unfractionated heparin in acute coronary syndromes is achieved
            in 
            					 patients presenting with ST segment 
            					 depression. 
            Circulation. 
            2001; 
            104 
            (Suppl 
            						II) 
            549 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 24 
            Granger C B, Miller J M, Bovill E G. et al .
            Rebound increase in thrombin generation and activity after 
            					 cessation of intravenous heparin in patients with acute coronary 
            					 syndromes. 
            Circulation. 
            1995; 
            91 
            1929-1935 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 25 
            Gurfinkel E, Manos E J, Mejail R I. et al .
            Low molecular weight heparin versus regular heparin or 
            					 aspirin in the treatment of unstable angina and silent ischemia. 
            J Am 
            					 Coll 
            					 Cardiol. 
            1995; 
            26 
            313-318 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 26 
            Hamm C W, Braunwald E. 
            A classification of unstable angina 
            					 revisited. 
            Circulation. 
            2000; 
            102 
            118-122 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 27 
            Hamm C W, Bertrand M, Braunwald E. 
            Acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation: implementation 
            					 of new 
            					 guidelines. 
            Lancet. 
            2001; 
            358 
            1533-1538 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 28 
            Hirsh J, Levine M N. 
            Low molecular weight 
            					 heparin. 
            Blood. 
            1992; 
            79 
            1-17 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 29 
            Hirsh J, Fuster V. 
            Guide to anticoagulant therapy. Part 1: 
            					 Heparin. 
            Circulation. 
            1994; 
            89 
            1449-1468 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 30 
            Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College 
            						of Cardiology Committee .
            Myocardial infarction redefined: a consensus document of the 
            					 Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology 
            					 Committee for the redefinition of Myocardial infarction. 
            Eur Heart 
            					 J. 
            2000; 
            21 
            1502-1513 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 31 
            Kaul S, Shah K. 
            Low molecular weight heparin in acute coronary syndrome. 
            					 Evidence for superior or equivalent efficacy compared with unfractionated 
            					 heparin?. 
            J Am Coll 
            					 Cardiol. 
            2000; 
            35 
            1699-1712 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 32 
            Kereiakes D J, Grines C, Fry E. et al .
            Enoxaparin and abciximab adjunctive pharmacotherapy during 
            					 percutaneous coronary intervention. 
            J Invasive 
            					 Cardiol. 
            2001; 
            13 
            272-278 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 33 
            Kereiakes D J, Kleiman N S, Fry E. et al .
            Dalteparin in combination with abciximab during percutaneous 
            					 coronary intervention. 
            Am Heart 
            					 J. 
            2001; 
            141 
            348-352 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 34 
            Klein W, Buchwald A, Hillis S E. et al .
            Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with 
            					 unfractionated heparin acutely and with placebo for 6 weeks in the management
            
            					 of unstable coronary artery disease: the Fragmin in Unstable Coronary Artery
            
            					 Disease Study 
            					 (FRIC). 
            Circulation. 
            1997; 
            95 
            61-68 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 35 
            Kontny F, Dale J, Abilgaard U. et al .
            Randomized trial of low-molecular weight heparin (Dalteparin) 
            					 in prevention of left ventricular thrombus formation and arterial embolism 
            					 after acute anterior myocardial infarction. The Fragmin in Acute Myocardial
            
            					 Infarction (FRAMI) Study. 
            J Am Coll 
            					 Cardiol. 
            1997; 
            30 
            962-969 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 36 
            Kovar D, Canto J G, Rogers W J. 
            Is low molecular weight heparin in combination with iv lytic 
            					 therapy safe and 
            					 effective?. 
            Circulation. 
            2001; 
            104 
            (Suppl 
            						II) 
            88 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 37 
            Leizorovicz A. for the FRAX.I.S. Study Group .
            Comparison of two treatment durations (6 days and 14 days) of 
            					 a low molecular weight heparin with a 6-day treatment of unfractionated heparin
            
            					 in the initial management of unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial 
            					 infarction: FRAX.I.S. (Fraxiparine in Ischemic Syndrome). 
            Eur Heart 
            					 J. 
            1999; 
            20 
            1553-1562 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 38 
            Levine G N, Ali M N, Schafer A I. 
            Antithrombotic therapy in patients with acute coronary 
            					 syndromes. 
            Arch Intern 
            					 Med. 
            2001; 
            161 
            937-948 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 39 
            Lindahl B, Venge, P, Wallentin L. for the Fragmin in Unstable Coronary Artery Disease 
            						(FRISC) Study Group .
            Troponin T identifies patients with unstable coronary artery 
            					 disease who benefit from long-term antithrombotic protection. 
            J Am 
            					 Coll 
            					 Cardiol. 
            1997; 
            29 
            43-48 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 40 
            Mark D B, Cowper P A, Berkowitz S D. et al .
            Economic assessment of low-molecular-weight heparin 
            					 (enoxaparin) versus unfractionated heparin in acute coronary syndrome patients.
            
            					 Results from the ESSENCE randomized 
            					 trial. 
            Circulation. 
            1998; 
            97 
            1702-1707 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 41 
            McLean J. 
            The thromboplastic action of cephalin. 
            Am J 
            					 Physiol. 
            1916; 
            41 
            250-257 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 42 
            Montalesot G, Philippe F, Ankri A. et al. for the French Investigators of the ESSENCE 
            						Trial .
            Early increase of von Willebrand factor predicts adverse 
            					 outcome in unstable coronary artery disease. Beneficial effects of 
            					 enoxaparin. 
            Circulation. 
            1998; 
            98 
            294-299 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 43 
            O¿Brian B J, Willan A, Blackhouse G, Goeree R, Cohen M, Goodman S. 
            Will the use of low-molecular weight-heparin (enoxaparin) in 
            					 patients with acute coronary syndrome save costs in Canada?. 
            Am Heart 
            					 J. 
            2000; 
            139 
            423-429 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 44 
            Oler A, Whooley M A, Oler J, Grady D. 
            Adding heparin to aspirin reduces the incidence of myocardial 
            					 infarction and death in patients with unstable angina: a 
            					 meta-analysis. 
            J Am Med 
            					 Ass. 
            1996; 
            276 
            811-815 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 45 
            Ross A M, Molhoek P, Lundergan C. et al .
            Randomized comparison of enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight 
            					 heparin, with unfractionated heparin adjunctive to recombinant tissue 
            					 plasminogen activator thrombolysis and aspirin. Second trial of heparin and
            
            					 aspirin reperfusion therapy (HART 
            					 II). 
            Circulation. 
            2001; 
            104 
            648-652 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 46 
            Theroux P, Waters D D, Lam J, Juneau M, McCans J. 
            Reactivation of unstable angina following discontinuation of 
            					 heparin. 
            N Engl J 
            					 Med. 
            1992; 
            327 
            141-145 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 47 
            Turpie A GG, Antman E M. 
            Low-molecular-weight heparins in the treatment of acute 
            					 coronary syndromes. 
            Arch Intern 
            					 Med. 
            2001; 
            161 
            1484-1490 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 48 
            Wallentin L, Lagerqvist B, Husted S. et al .
            Outcome at 1 year after an invasive compared with a 
            					 non-invasive strategy in unstable coronary-artery disease: the FRISC II 
            					 invasive randomised 
            					 trial. 
            Lancet. 
            2000; 
            356 
            9-16 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 49 
            Wallentin L, Dellborg M, Lindahl B, Nilsson T, Pehrsson K, Swahn E. 
            The low-molecular-weight heparin dalteparin as adjuvant 
            					 therapy in acute myocardial infarction: the ASSENT PLUS study. 
            Clin 
            					 Cardiol. 
            2001; 
            24 
            (Suppl 
            						I) 
            I12-I14 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 50 
            Warkentin T E, Levine M N, Hirsh J. et al .
            Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia in patients treated with 
            					 low-molecular-weight heparin or unfractionated heparin. 
            N Engl J 
            					 Med. 
            1995; 
            332 
            1330-1335 
            
            Reference Ris Wihthout Link
Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Jörg Carlsson
         Medizinische Klinik II
Klinikum Lippe-Detmold GmbH
         
         Röntgenstraße 18
         
         32756 Detmold
         
         Phone: 05231/721185
         
         Fax: 05231/721214
         
         Email: Joerg.Carlsson@Klinikum-Lippe.de
         
         
 
     
      
    