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DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-19594
Prophylaxe der Oxaliplatin-induzierten Neuropathie mit Carbamazepin[¹]
Eine PilotstudiePrevention of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy by carbamazepine: A pilot studyPublication History
Manuskript-Eingang: 3. August 2001
Annahme nach Revision: 26. November 2001
Publication Date:
17 January 2002 (online)

Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Die antitumorale Aktivität von Oxaliplatin konnte in vielen klinischen Studien nachgewiesen werden. Die schwerste und kumulativ dosislimitierende Toxizität des Oxaliplatins ist eine periphere sensorische Neuropathie mit durch Kälte induzierbarer Hyperästhesie. Wir konnten zeigen, dass Oxaliplatin die Kinetik von Natriumkanälen sensorischer Neurone verändert. Dieser Effekt konnte experimentell durch den Natriumkanalblocker Carbamazepin gehemmt werden. Deshalb wurde eine Pilotstudie begonnen, um den Einfluss Carbamazepins auf die Oxaliplatin-induzierte Neuropathie bei Patienten mit kolorektalem Karzinom zu untersuchen.
Patienten und Methodik: Zehn Patienten (sechs Männer, vier Frauen, mittleres Alter 56 ± 12 Jahre) wurden nach Tumorprogression unter 5-Fluorouracil und Folinsäure mit Oxaliplatin, 5-Fluorouracil und Folinsäure behandelt. Die Patienten erhielten zusätzlich Carbamazepin in Dosen, die an Serumspiegel von 3 - 6 mg/l angepasst wurden. Wöchentlich wurde nach therapiebedingten Beschwerden gefragt und diese nach der modifizierten WHO-Skala graduiert. Als historische Vergleichsgruppe dienten 30 Patienten, die die gleiche Chemotherapie ohne Carbamazepin erhalten hatten.
Ergebnisse: Die kumulative Oxaliplatindosis war in der Carbamazepingruppe höher (median 722 mg/m² vs. 510 mg/m², p = 0,020). Die Carbamazepinspiegel lagen bei 4,5 ± 1,5 mg/l. Unter zusätzlicher Behandlung mit Carbamazepin traten im Gegensatz zur Vergleichsgruppe keine höhergradigen (Grad 2 - 4) Neuropathien auf. Insgesamt war die Rate an Carbamazepin-induzierten Nebenwirkungen gering.
Folgerungen: Diese Beobachtungen zeigen, dass die Oxaliplatin-induzierte periphere sensorischen Neuropathie größer als Grad 1 durch eine Prophylaxe mit Carbamazepin verhindert werden könnte. Dadurch könnten Chemotherapien mit gesteigerter Oxaliplatindosis und damit gesteigerter Effektivität möglich werden. Ob auch schwerere Neuropathien, die bei höheren kumulativen Oxaliplatindosen auftreten, durch Carbamazepin verhindert werden können, soll eine multizentrische, randomisierte Studie zeigen.
Prevention of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy by carbamazepine: A pilot study
Introduction: Oxaliplatin has been proven antitumoral activity in numerous clinical trials. Peripheral sensory neuropathy with predominantly hyperpathic symptoms induced by cold is the most severe and dose-limiting toxicity resulting from oxaliplatin therapy. We demonstrated that oxaliplatin alters sodium channel kinetics on sensory neurons. This effect could be antagonized in vitro by the sodium channel blocker carbamazepine. Therefore a pilot study was initiated to investigate if carbamazepine prevents oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy in patients with colorectal cancer.
Patients and methods: Ten patients (six males, four femals, mean age 56 ± 12 years) refractory to 5-fluorouracil were treated with oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and folinic acid. The patients additionally received carbamazepine. Doses were adapted to a serum level of 3 - 6 mg/l. Patients were questioned about side-effects weekly and treatment-related toxicities were documented using the modified WHO scale. Results were compared with 30 historic controls treated with the same chemotherapy without carbamazepine.
Results: The cumulative oxaliplatin dose was higher in the carbamazepine group (median 722 mg/m² and 510 mg/m², respectively, p = 0.020). Carbamazepine levels were 4.5 ± 1.5 mg/l. In contrast to the control group no neuropathy higher than grade 1 occurred in the carbamazepine group. Rate of carbamazepine-induced side effects was low.
Conclusions: These observations demonstrate that oxaliplatin-induced sensory neuropathy more than grade 1 may be prevented by carbamazepine. Prevention of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity by carbamazepine would possibly enable chemotherapy with considerable higher doses of oxapliplatin and thus enhance activity. A multicenter trial will elucidate if more serious distal neurotoxicities, which occur after application of higher cumulative doses of oxaliplatin, can also be prevented by carbamazepine.
1 Teile der Arbeit wurden als Abstract veröffentlicht (Eckel et al: Med Klin 2001; 96: Abstract-Band I:123, Eckel et al: Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2001; 20:146a, Eckel et al: Z Gastroenterol, 2001; 39:704, Lersch et al: Gastroenterology 2000; 118:A522).
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1 Teile der Arbeit wurden als Abstract veröffentlicht (Eckel et al: Med Klin 2001; 96: Abstract-Band I:123, Eckel et al: Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2001; 20:146a, Eckel et al: Z Gastroenterol, 2001; 39:704, Lersch et al: Gastroenterology 2000; 118:A522).
Korrespondenz
Dr. Florian Eckel
Klinikum rechts der Isar
Ismaningerstraße 22
81675 München
Phone: 089/4140-2265
Fax: 089/4140-4808
Email: florian.eckel@lrz.tum.de