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DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-16579
Intrakoronare, humane autologe Stammzelltransplantation zur Myokardregeneration nach Herzinfarkt
Myocardial regeneration after intracoronary transplantation of human autologous stem cells following acute myocardial infarctionPublication History
Publication Date:
12 May 2004 (online)

Hintergrund: Das regenerative Potential humaner autologer adulter Stammzellen auf die Kardiomyogenese und Angiogenese nach Herzinfarkt könnte zur Infarktheilung beitragen, ist allerdings klinisch nicht untersucht.
Vorgeschichte und Befund: Ein 46-jähriger Patient wurde 14 Stunden nach Einsetzen von linksthorakalen Schmerzen zur invasiven Diagnostik und Therapie zugewiesen. Die Herzkatheteruntersuchung zeigte einen Verschluss des Ramus interventricularis anterior der linken Kranzarterie, der durch Ballondilataion und Stentimplantation behandelt wurde. Wir haben erstmals die Indikation zur intrakoronaren Transplantation humaner autologer Stammzellen gestellt.
Therapie und Ergebnis: Mononukleäre Knochenmarkzellen des Patienten wurden präpariert und 6 Tage nach transmuralem Vorderwandinfarkt selektiv über die rekanalisierte Infarktarterie in das Infarktgebiet während Niedrig-Druck-Ballondilatation (PTCA) transplantiert (1,2×107 Zellen, 10 ml). Vorher sowie 10 Wochen danach wurden die Auswirkungen der Stammzelltransplantation auf Ventrikelfunktion, Infarktgröße, Ventrikelgeometrie und Myokardperfusion unter Ruhe- und Belastungsbedingungen untersucht. Angewendet wurden: 201Thallium-SPECT, mit „Bull’s-eye”-Analyse, Dobutamin-Stressechokardiographie, Rechtsherzkatheter und Radionuklidventrikulographie 10 Wochen nach Stammzelltransplantation kam es zu einer deutlichen Verkleinerung der transmuralen Infarktnarbe mit Abnahme der Infarktgröße von 24,6 % auf 15,7 % der linksventrikulären Zirkumferenz, zu einer Zunahme von Auswurffraktion, Herzindex und Schlagindex zwischen 20 - 30 %, zu einer Abnahme des enddiastolischen Volumens unter Belastung um 30 % und zu einer quantitativ vergleichbaren Abnahme des linksventrikulären Füllungsdruckes (mittlerer Pulmonalkapillardruck, PC).
Folgerung: Die Ergebnisse zeigen erstmals, dass die humane autologe, adulte Stammzelltransplantation mittels selektiver Herzkathetertechniken klinisch möglich und nutzbar ist und zur Regeneration der Narbe nach transmuralem Herzinfarkt führt. Ursächlich sind eine Stammzellen-assoziierte Kardiomyo- und Angioneogenese anzunehmen.
Myocardial regeneration after intracoronary transplantation of human autologous stem cells following acute myocardial infarction
Objektive: The regenerative potential of human autologous adult stem cells on myocardial regeneration and neovascularisation after myocardial infarction may contribute to healing of the infarction area. But no clinical application has previously been reported. We here describe for the first time the results of this method applied in a patient who had sustained an acute myocardial infarction.
History and clinical findings: 14 hours after the onset of left precordial pain a 46-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for interventional diagnosis and treatment. Coronary angiography demonstrated occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery with transmural infarction. This was treated by percutaneous transluminal catheter angioplasty and stent placement.
Therapy and results: Mononuclear bone marrow cells of the patient were prepared and 6 days after infaction 1,2×107 cells were transplanted at low pressure via a percutaneous transluminal catheter placed in the infarct-related artery. Before and 10 weeks after this procedure left ventricular function, infarct size, ventricular geometry and myocardial perfusion were measured by 201thallium SPECT both at rest and on exercise, together with bull’s-eye analysis, dobutamine stress echocardiography, right heart catheterisation and radionuclide ventriculography. At 10 weeks after the stem cell transplantation the transmural infarct area had been reduced from 24.6 % to 15.7 % of left ventricular circumference, while ejection fraction, cardiac index and stroke volume had increased by 20-30 %. On exercise the enddiastolic volume had decreased by 30 % and there was a comparable fall in left ventricular filling pressure (mean pulmonary capillary pressure).
Conclusion: These results for the first time demonstrate that selective intracoronary transplantation of human autologous adult stem cells is possible under clinical conditions and that it can lead to regeneration of the myocardial scar after transmural infarction. The therapeutic effects may be ascribed to stem cell-associated myocardial regeneration and neovascularisation.
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Korrespondenz
Prof. Dr. B. E. Strauer
Klinik für Kardiologie, Pneumologie und Angiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität
Düsseldorf
Moorenstr. 5,
40225 Düsseldorf