RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-103205
Polypharmazie im Alter – klug entscheiden mit dem FORTA-Prinzip
Polypharmacy in the elderly – choosing wisely by using the FORTA list
Zusammenfassung
Multimorbidität und Polypharmazie sind Gefahren für ältere Patienten; die Verbesserung der Arzneimitteltherapiequalität ist wichtig und eine neue Herangehensweise – die FORTA [Fit fOR The Aged]-Liste – soll dieses Vorhaben in der klinischen Praxis unterstützen. In dieser Übersicht sollen anwendungsbezogene Details für einen erfolgreichen Gebrauch von FORTA beschrieben werden. Die Liste kategorisiert Medikamente abhängig von der Evidenz für Sicherheit, Wirksamkeit und allgemeiner Alterstauglichkeit in vier Gruppen: A (unentbehrlich), B (nützlich), C (bedenklich) und D (zu vermeiden). Als implizite Methode ist sie nur anwendbar, wenn medizinische Details zum Patienten bekannt sind. Der Prozess beginnt mit Anamnese und diagnostischem Assessment, inklusive Schweregradeinteilung der Erkrankungen. Das ist die Basis für die FORTA-unterstützte Auswahl von Medikamenten um Übertherapie (Medikament nicht nötig), Untertherapie (Zustand nicht, oder nicht ausreichend mit positiv bewerteten Medikamenten behandelt) oder Fehltherapie (Medikament indiziert, aber negatives, anstatt positiv bewertetem Medikament ausgewählt) zu vermeiden. Der Auswahl folgen sekundäre Analysen, beispielsweise bezüglich der Dosierung oder Kontraindikationen. Das Medikationsschema wird dann aufgrund der beobachteten erwünschten klinischen Effekte und Nebenwirkungen angepasst.
Abstract
Multimorbidity and polypharmacy are threats to elderly patients; improvement of medication is important and a novel listing approach – the FORTA [Fit fOR The Aged] list – should support this in clinical practice. Here, we aim to describe procedural details of successful application of FORTA. FORTA labels range from A (indispensable), B (beneficial), C (questionable) to D (avoid), depending on evidence for safety, efficacy and overall age-appropriateness. As an implicit tool, it is only applicable if medical details of the patient are known. The process starts with history taking and diagnostic assessment including disease grading. This is the base for FORTA-assisted selection of drugs to avoid overtreatment (drug not necessary), undertreatment (condition not or not sufficiently treated by positively labeled drugs) or mistreatment (drugs indicated, but negatively rather than positively labeled drug chosen). Selection is followed by secondary analyses, e. g. regarding dosing or contraindications. The medication scheme is updated in reflection of wanted clinical effects (e. g. blood pressure lowering) and side effects (e. g. dizziness).
Schlüsselwörter
Polypharmazie - ältere Patienten - FORTA-Liste - implizites Instrument - Positivbewertung - NegativbewertungPublikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
11. September 2015 (online)
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
-
Literatur
- 1
Kaufman DW,
Kelly JP,
Rosenberg L.
et al. Recent patterns of medication use in the ambulatory adult population of the
United States: the Slone Survey. JAMA 2002; 287: 337-344
MissingFormLabel
- 2
Mangoni AA,
Jackson SHD.
Age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: basic principles
and practical applications. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003; 57: 6-14
MissingFormLabel
- 3
Edwards IR,
Aronson JK.
Adverse drug reactions: definitions, diagnosis, and management. Lancet 2000; 356:
1255-1259
MissingFormLabel
- 4
Rochon PA,
Gurwitz JH.
Optimising drug treatment for elderly people: the prescribing cascade. Br Med J 1997;
315: 1096-1099
MissingFormLabel
- 5
Chyka PA.
How many deaths occur annually from adverse drug reactions in the United
States?. Am J Med 2000; 109: 122-130
MissingFormLabel
- 6
Lazarou J,
Pomeranz BH,
Corey PN.
Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis of
prospective studies. JAMA 1998; 279: 1200-1205
MissingFormLabel
- 7
Levy HB,
Marcus EL,
Christen C.
Beyond the Beers Criteria: a comparative overview of explicit criteria. Ann Pharmacother
2010; 44: 1968-1975
MissingFormLabel
- 8
Beers MH.
Explicit criteria for determining potentially inappropriate medication use by
the elderly. An Update. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 1531-1536
MissingFormLabel
- 9
Fick DM,
Semla TP.
American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria: new year, new criteria, new
perspective. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60: 614-615
MissingFormLabel
- 10
Page RL,
Ruscin JM.
The risk of adverse drug events and hospital-related morbidity and mortality
among older adults with potentially inappropriate medication use. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother
2006; 4: 297-305
MissingFormLabel
- 11
Gallagher P,
Ryan C,
Byrne S.
et al. STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Person’s Prescriptions) and START (Screening
Tool
to Alert Doctors to Right Treatment). Consensus validation. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther
2008; 46: 72-83
MissingFormLabel
- 12
Wehling M.
Arzneimitteltherapie im Alter: Zu viel und zu wenig, was tun?. Dtsch Med Wochenschr
2008; 133: 2289-2291
MissingFormLabel
- 13
Wehling M.
Multimorbidity and polypharmacy: how to reduce the harmful drug load and yet add
needed drugs in the elderly? Proposal of a new drug classification: fit for the
aged. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009; 57: 560-561
MissingFormLabel
- 14
Barry PJ,
Gallagher P,
Ryan C.
et al. START-an evidence-based screening tool to detect prescribing omissions in
elderly patients. Age Ageing 2007; 36: 632-638
MissingFormLabel
- 15
Kuhn-Thiel AM,
Weiß C,
Wehling M.
The FORTA authors / expert panel members.
Consensus validation of the FORTA (Fit fOR The Aged) list: a clinical tool for
increasing the appropriateness of pharmacotherapy in the elderly. Drugs Aging 2014;
31: 131-140
MissingFormLabel
- 16
Wehling M,
Burkhardt H.
Arzneitherapie für Ältere. 3.. Aufl. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013
MissingFormLabel
- 17
Wehling M.
Drug therapy for the elderly. Vienna: Springer Publishers; 2013
MissingFormLabel
- 18
Michalek C,
Wehling M,
Schlitzer J.
et al. Effects of „Fit fOR The Aged“ (FORTA) on pharmacotherapy and clinical
endpoints-a pilot randomized controlled study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 70: 1261-1267
MissingFormLabel
- 19
Wehling M.
Guideline-driven polypharmacy in elderly, multimorbid patients is basically
flawed: there are almost no guidelines for these patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011;
59: 376-377
MissingFormLabel
- 20
Doser S,
Marz W,
Reinecke MF.
et al. Recommendations for statin therapy in the elderly. Internist 2004; 45: 1053-1062
MissingFormLabel
- 21
Sue Kirkman M,
Briscoe VJ,
Clark N.
et al. Diabetes in older adults: a consensus report. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60: 2342-2356
MissingFormLabel
- 22
Balducci L,
Extermann M.
Management of cancer in the older person: a practical approach. Oncologist 2000; 5:
224-237
MissingFormLabel
- 23
Hanlon JT,
Schmader KE,
Samsa GP.
et al. A method for assessing drug therapy appropriateness. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;
45: 1045-1051
MissingFormLabel
- 24
Conaghan PG.
A turbulent decade for NSAIDs: update on current concepts of classification,
epidemiology, comparative efficacy, and toxicity. Rheumatol Int 2012; 32: 1491-1502
MissingFormLabel
- 25
Frohnhofen H,
Michalek C,
Wehling M.
Bewertung von Medikamenten in der Geriatrie mit der neuen FORTA-Klassifikation –
Vorläufige klinische Erfahrung. DMW 2011; 136: 1417-1421
MissingFormLabel
- 26
American Geriatrics Society 2012 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel.
American Geriatrics Society updated Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate
medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60: 616-631
MissingFormLabel
- 27
Schoen C,
Osborn R,
Huynh PT.
et al. On the front lines of care: primary care doctors’ office systems, experiences,
and views in seven countries. Health Aff (Millwood) 2005; 25: w555-571
MissingFormLabel