A Simple, Readily Accessible, and Effective Apparatus for the ­Photoisomerization of cis-Cyclooctenes to trans-Cyclooctenes

Abstract

A simple, cost effective, and readily accessible apparatus for the photoisomerization of cis-cyclooctenes to trans-cyclooctenes is described. Utilizing only FEP tubing, aluminum vent pipe, a household germicidal lamp, and a flash chromatography system, trans-cyclooctenes can be prepared in good yield.

Key words

trans-cyclooctene - photochemistry - bioconjugation - click chemistry - flow chemistry

Publication History

Received: 25 May 2021

Accepted after revision: 07 July 2021

Article published online:
30 July 2021

• References and Notes

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• 13 {(2s,3aR,9aS,E)-3a,4,5,8,9,9a-Hexahydrocyclo-octa[d][1,3]dioxol-2-yl}methanol (2): Typical ProcedureA round-bottomed flask was charged with {(2s,3aR,9aS,Z)-3a,4,5,8,9,9a-hexahydrocycloocta[d][1,3]dioxol-2-yl}methanol (12:1 mixture of syn and anti diastereomers, 368 mg, 2.00 mmol), methyl benzoate (545 mg, 4 mmol), and a 1:1 mixture of diethyl ether and heptane (80 mL), then capped with a septum through which two small holes were bored to accommodate the insertion of 1/8′′ OD tubing. Solvent inlet line ‘A’ from an Interchim flash chromatography system was inserted into one of the holes in the septum containing the cis-cyclooctene mixture. The ‘waste’ line from the Interchim chromatography system was fitted with a 1/4-28 flangeless fluidic transfer fitting and connected to one end of the photoreactor’s ETFE tubing via a fluidic transfer union. The other end of the photoreactor’s tubing was passed through the remaining hole in the septum of the round-bottomed flask containing the cis-cyclooctene mixture, thus creating a closed loop. A 12 g cartridge containing 4.4 g of 10% w/w AgNO₃ impregnated silica gel (top) and approximately 7 g of unmodified silica gel (bottom) was equilibrated with a 1:1 mixture of diethyl ether and heptane, then fitted to the Interchim system. A 25 W germicidal lamp was placed in the center of the photoreactor, and a blast shield covered in aluminum foil was placed in front of the lamp and photoreactor. The Interchim flash chromatography system was programmed to pump a gradient consisting of 100% solvent A at a rate of 100 mL/min for 3–8 h and to send all fractions to waste. The reaction was initiated by switching on the germicidal lamp and Interchim pump. After 8 h, solvent inlet line A was removed from the reaction mixture and submerged in 50 mL of 1:1 diethyl ether and heptane, and the mixture was pumped through the system and eluted into a waste container. The flash cartridge was removed from the Interchim system, and its contents were emptied into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask. DCM (100 mL) and ammonium hydroxide (100 mL) were added to the Erlenmeyer flask and stirred vigorously for 10 min. The mixture was filtered over a pad of Celite, and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was washed with DCM (2 × 50 mL), and the combined organics were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was subjected to flash chromatography on silica (0–20% EtOAc in heptane), and after pooling and concentrating the appropriate fractions, the title compound was obtained as a colorless oil (12:1 mixture of syn and anti diastereomers; run 1: 229 mg, 62%; run 2: 222 mg, 60%). NMR data attributable to syn isomer: ¹H NMR (500 MHz, benzene-d ₆): δ = 5.32–5.23 (m, 1 H) 5.19–5.11 (m, 1 H) 4.77 (t, J = 3.4 Hz, 1 H) 3.69–3.58 (m, 3 H) 3.53–3.45 (m, 1 H) 2.14–2.00 (m, 2 H) 1.97–1.91 (m, 1 H) 1.86–1.75 (m, 2 H) 1.72 (br d, J = 14.7 Hz, 1 H) 1.53–1.42 (m, 2 H) 1.39–1.29 (m, 1 H) ppm.