Neurologische Komplikationen bei Diabetes mellitus^[*]

Zusammenfassung

Mit derzeit sechs Millionen Erkrankten in Deutschland kommt dem Diabetes mellitus und seinen Folgekrankheiten große volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung zu. Unter den neurologischen Langzeitkomplikationen des Diabetes mellitus dominieren die diabetische Neuropathie und ein erhöhtes Hirninfarkt- und Demenzrisiko, während bei den Akutkomplikationen der hypoglykämische Schock und das diabetische Koma im Vordergrund stehen. Neben der Kenntnis von Klinik und Pathophysiologie der verschiedenen Formen der diabetischen Neuropathie kommt insbesondere der adäquaten Therapie der neuropathischen Schmerzen große Bedeutung zu. Frühzeitige Diagnosestellung und stringente Stoffwechseleinstellung verhindert mikro- und makrovaskuläre Spätkomplikationen und damit hohe Kosten für das Gesundheitssystem.

Summary

With approximately six million affected patients in the German population, diabetes mellitus and its long-term complications represent a severe economic challenge. Chronic neurological complications of diabetes mellitus encompass mainly neuropathies and an increased risk of ischemic stroke and dementia whereas acute complications include hypoglycaemic shock and diabetic coma. Knowledge of clinical presentation and pathophysiology of the different forms of diabetic neuropathy is as important as appropriate treatment of neuropathic pain. Early diagnosis and strict metabolic control prevent micro- and macrovascular longterm complications and therefore increasing costs in health systems.

Schlüsselwörter

Diabetes mellitus - Nervensystem - Polyneuropathie - Hirninfarkt - Demenz - Depression

Keywords

Diabetes mellitus - nervous system - polyneuropathy - stroke - dementia - depression

^* Unserem neurologischen Lehrer, Herrn Prof. Dr. Bernhard Neundörfer zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.

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