Synthesis 2017; 49(10): 2266-2274
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588130
paper
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Development of an Industrial Process Based on the Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé Multicomponent Reaction: Efficient Preparation­ of 3-Aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines

Markus Baenziger
,
Estelle Durantie*
,
Christian Mathes
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 18 November 2016

Accepted after revision: 06 December 2016

Publication Date:
31 January 2017 (online)


Abstract

3-Aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine is an important scaffold that is found in many drugs. This scaffold is rapidly accessible through a Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé cyclisation starting from an aminopyrazine, an aldehyde and an isocyanide. A scale-up process of this multicomponent reaction has been achieved in high yield and with excellent purity. The scope and limitations of this process leading to various 3-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines are disclosed.

Supporting Information

 
  • References

  • 1 New address: E. Durantie, Adolphe Merkle Institute, BioNanomaterial, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
  • 2 Groebke K, Weber L, Mehlin F. Synlett 1998; 661
  • 3 Blackburn C, Guan B, Fleming P, Shiosaki K, Tsai S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998; 39: 3635
  • 4 Bienaymé H, Bouzid K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998; 37: 2234
    • 5a Zhang W, Lu Y, Scott PJ. H In Solid-Phase Organic Syntheses . Scott PJ. H. John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Hoboken: 2012: 51-57
    • 5b Ramesha AB, Raghavendra GM, Nandeesh KN, Rangappa KS, Mantelingu K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2013; 54: 95
    • 5c Guchhait SK, Chaudhary V, Madaan C. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2012; 10: 9271
    • 5d Shukla NM, Salunke DB, Yoo E, Mutz CA, Balakrishna R, David SA. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2012; 20: 5850
    • 5e Hieke M, Rödl CB, Wisniewska JM, laBuscató E, Stark H, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Steinhilber D, Hofmann B, Proschak E. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2012; 22: 1969
    • 5f Tyagi V, Khan S, Bajpai V, Gauniyal HM, Kumar B, Chauhan PM. S. J. Org. Chem. 2012; 77: 1414
    • 5g Baviskar AT, Madaan C, Preet R, Mohapatra P, Jain V, Agarwal A, Guchhait SK, Kundu CN, Banerjee UC, Bharatam PV. J. Med. Chem. 2011; 54: 5013
    • 5h Burchak ON, Mugherli L, Ostuni M, Lacapère JJ, Balakirev MY. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011; 133: 10058
    • 5i Guasconi M, Lu X, Massarotti A, Caldarelli A, Ciraolo E, Tron GC, Hirsch E, Sorba G, Pirali T. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2011; 9: 4144
    • 5j Akritopoulou-Zanze I, Wakefield BD, Gasiecki A, Kalvin D, Johnson EF, Kovar P, Djuric SW. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2011; 21: 1480
    • 5k Buckmelter AJ, Ren L, Laird ER, Rast B, Miknis G, Wenglowsky S, Schlachter S, Welch M, Tarlton E, Grina J, Lyssikatos J, Brandhuber BJ, Morales T, Randolph N, Vigers G, Martinson M, Callejo M. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2011; 21: 1248
    • 5l Guchhait SK, Madaan C. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2010; 8: 3631
    • 5m Al-Tel TH, Al-Qawasmeh RA, Voelter W. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2010; 5586
    • 5n Guchhait S, Madaan C. Synlett 2009; 628
    • 5o Krasavin M, Tsirulnikov S, Nikulnikov M, Sandulenko Y, Bukhryakov K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2008; 49: 7318
    • 5p Kercher T, Rao C, Bencsik JR, Josey JA. J. Comb. Chem. 2007; 9: 1177
    • 5q Shaabani A, Soleimani E, Maleki A. Monatsh. Chem. 2007; 138: 73
    • 5r Masquelin T, Bui H, Brickley B, Stephenson G, Schwerkoske J, Hulme C. Tetrahedron Lett. 2006; 47: 2989
    • 5s Parchinsky VZ, Shuvalova O, Ushakova O, Kravchenko DV, Krasavin M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2006; 47: 947
    • 5t Lu Y, Zhang W. QSAR Comb. Sci. 2004; 23: 827
    • 5u Ireland SM, Tye H, Whittaker M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2003; 44: 4369
    • 5v Blackburn C, Guan B. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000; 41: 1495
    • 5w Varma RS, Kumar D. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999; 40: 7665
    • 6a Nagle A, Wu T, Kuhen K, Gagaring K, Borboa R, Francek C, Chen Z, Plouffe D, Lin X, Caldwell C, Ek J, Skolnik S, Liu F, Wang J, Chang J, Li C, Liu B, Hollenbeck T, Tuntland T, Isbell J, Chuan T, Alper PB, Fischli C, Brun R, Lakshminarayana SB, Rottmann M, Diagana TT, Winzeler EA, Glynne R, Tully DC, Chatterjee AK. J. Med. Chem. 2012; 55: 4244
    • 6b Wu T, Nagle A, Kuhen K, Gagaring K, Borboa R, Francek C, Chen Z, Plouffe D, Goh A, Lakshminarayana SB, Wu J, Ang HQ, Zeng P, Kang ML, Tan W, Tan M, Ye N, Lin X, Caldwell C, Ek J, Skolnik S, Liu F, Wang J, Chang J, Li C, Hollenbeck T, Tuntland T, Isbell J, Fischli C, Brun R, Rottmann M, Dartois V, Keller T, Diagana T, Winzeler E, Glynne R, Tully DC, Chatterjee AK. J. Med. Chem. 2011; 54: 5116
  • 7 Adib M, Mahdavi M, Noghani MA, Mirzaei P. Tetrahedron Lett. 2007; 48: 7263
  • 8 Dömling A, Ugi I. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000; 39: 3168
  • 9 Chan AK.-W, Wong KM.-C, Yam VW.-W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015; 137: 6920
  • 10 Zakrzewski J, Huras B, Kiełczewska A. Synthesis 2016; 48: 85
  • 11 Lygin AV, de Meijere A. Org. Lett. 2009; 11: 389
  • 12 Polisar JG, Norton JR. Tetrahedron 2012; 68: 10236
  • 13 Wang J, Rosingana M, Discordia RP, Soundararajan N, Polniaszek R. Synlett 2001; 1485