Synthesis 2015; 47(11): 1581-1592
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1380404
paper
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Regioselective Hetero-Michael Addition of Oxygen, Sulfur, and Nitrogen­ Nucleophiles to Maleimides Catalyzed by BF3·OEt2

Authors

  • Yu-Long An

    a   Department of Chemistry, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. of China   eMail: syzhao8@dhu.edu.cn
  • Yun-Xia Deng

    b   Department of Biological Engineering, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. of China
  • Wei Zhang

    a   Department of Chemistry, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. of China   eMail: syzhao8@dhu.edu.cn
  • Sheng-Yin Zhao*

    a   Department of Chemistry, Donghua University, No. 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. of China   eMail: syzhao8@dhu.edu.cn
    c   State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. of China
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Publikationsverlauf

Received: 17. Dezember 2014

Accepted after revision: 23. Januar 2015

Publikationsdatum:
05. März 2015 (online)


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Abstract

A practical BF3·OEt2-catalyzed regioselective 1,2-addition or 1,4-hetero-Michael addition of oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen nucleo­philes to maleimides has been developed for the synthesis of alkyl fumarate derivatives or 3-substituted succinimides, respectively. This reaction system has wide substrate scope and gives moderate to excellent yields (up to 96%) of the desired products. In contrast to the base-catalyzed methods, this strategy is very general, simple, environmentally friendly, and tolerant of oxygen.

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