Stigmatisierungserleben bei HIV/AIDS: erste deutsche Adaptation der HIV-Stigma Skala (HSS-D)

Zusammenfassung

Trotz guter medizinischer Behandlungsmöglichkeiten und zahlreicher Aufklärungskampagnen stellt Stigmatisierung eine starke Belastung für HIV-Infizierte und an AIDS erkrankte Patienten dar. In dieser Studie entwickelten wir eine deutsche Adaptation der HIV Stigma Scale (HSS-D). An der Untersuchung nahmen 167 homosexuelle HIV-positive Männer im Alter von 22 bis 74 Jahren teil. Die explorative Faktorenanalyse replizierte die vier-faktorielle Struktur mit den Skalen Erlebte Stigmatisierung, Offenbarungsangst, Negatives Selbstbild und Sorgen über die öffentliche Meinung. Die psychometrische Analyse führte zu einer revidierten Fassung mit 21 Items (HSS-D21). Die Gesamtskala wies eine hohe Reliabilität auf (α=0,90). Signifikante Zusammenhänge mit Angst, Depressivität, Lebenszufriedenheit und sozialer Unterstützung sprechen für die Konstruktvalidität. Der Fragebogen wurde von der Mehrheit der Patienten gut akzeptiert. Weitere Analysen an umfassenderen Stichproben erscheinen aber notwendig.

Abstract

Despite improvements in medical treatment and numerous public health campaigns stigmatization remains a potent stressor for people living with HIV/ AIDS. This study provides an initial German adaptation of the HIV Stigma Scale (HSS-D). Participants were 167 HIV-positive homosexual men aged 22–74 years. Exploratory factor analysis replicated the original four-factor structure (subscales: enacted stigma, disclosure concerns, negative self-image, concern with public attitudes). Further psychometric analysis led to a revised version comprising 21 items (HSS-D21). The scale showed high reliability (α=0.90). Significant associations with anxiety, depres­sion, life satisfaction and perceived social support confirmed for construct validity. The majority of the respondents expressed high acceptance of the stigma measure. In order to eslish a thorough German adaptation further research with diverse samples is needed.

Schlüsselwörter

HIV - Stigma - Fragebogen - AIDS - Psychometrie

Keywords

HIV - stigma - self-report - AIDS - psychometric evaluation

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