Umweltchlamydien mit medizinischer Bedeutung

Zusammenfassung

Nach der Isolierung eines Chlamydien-ähnlichen Bakteriums aus Akanthamöben, die von der Nasenschleimhaut einer Probandin isoliert wurden, führte dessen molekularbiologische Untersuchung zur Beschreibung der neuen Art Parachlamydia acanthamoebae. Sie stellte die Basis für die Etablierung einer eigenen Familie Parachlamydiaceae dar, die sich genetisch von den klassischen Chlamydiaceae abgrenzen ließ. In der Folgezeit wurden weitere Chlamydien-ähnliche Bakterien in unterschiedlichen freilebenden Amöben beobachtet, die aufgrund der geringen genetischen Distanz zu P. acanthamoebae ebenfalls zu den Parachlamydiaceen zu rechnen sind. So konnten die zwei neuen Gattungen, Neochlamydia und Metachlamydia, sowie eine neue Art Protochlamydia naegleriophila beschrieben werden. Ihre Rolle als mögliche Krankheitserreger wurde in einer Reihe von Fällen durch Antikörper- und DNA-Nachweise in Patientenmaterial bestätigt.

Abstract

The molecular biological analysis of a chlamydia-like bacterium from Acanthamoeba sp., originated from the nasal mucosa of a female subject, led to the description of the new species Parachlamydia acanthamoebae. It provided the basis for establishing its own family Parachlamydiaceae, which was genetically separated from the traditional Chlamydiaceae. In the following years other chlamydia-like bacteria, replicating within different free-living amoeba species, have been observed. Due to their close genetic distance to P. acanthamoebae, they have been classified as Parachlamydiaceae. Thus, the description of the two novel genera, Neochlamydia and Metachlamydia, as well as a new species, Protochlamydia naegleriophila, was accomplished. Their role as potential pathogens was confirmed in a number of cases by antibodies and DNA detection in patient material.

Schlüsselwörter

Parachlamydiaceae - Neochlamydia - Protochlamydia - Metachlamydia - Amöba - Endoparasit - intrazelluläre Vermehrung - Feinstruktur - Pathogene

Keywords

Parachlamydiaceae - Neochlamydia - Protochlamydia - Metachlamydia - Amoeba - endoparasite - intracellular replication - ultrastructure - pathogens

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