The Organocatalytic Enantioselective Michael Addition of Aldehydes to Vinyl Sulfones in Water

Abstract

The first organocatalytic enantioselective Michael addition of aldehydes to vinyl sulfones in water was achieved using our rationally designed organocatalyst. The rigid nature of the tricycle with an inherent chiral pocket provides a well-organized chiral environment, which together with the hydrophobic pocket, enabled this elusive reaction to proceed smoothly in water.

organocatalytic - vinyl sulfone - Michael addition - aqueous reaction

Reference and Notes

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Typical Reaction Procedure
To a mixture of 1,1-bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene (31 mg, 0.1 mmol), catalyst I (2.8 mg, 0.01 mmol), and DMAP (1.2 mg, 0.01 mmol) in H₂O (0.5 mL) was added isoveraldehyde (34.4 mg, 0.4 mmol) and stirred vigorously for 12 h at r.t. Then MeOH (1 mL) was added and the mixture was cooled to 0 ˚C before NaBH₄ (8 mg, 0.2 mmol) was added. After stirring at 0 ˚C for 0.5 h, the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 × 5 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (5 mL), dried over anhyd MgSO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The desired products were purified with silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc-hexanes = 1:2). The ee was determined by HPLC with Chiralpak AS-H column at 220 nm (2-PrOH-hexane = 20:80), 0.5 mL/min, t _R(major) = 40.0 min, t _{R (}minor) = 47.0 min; [α]_D ^²0 +3.1 (c 2.3, CHCl₃, 589 nm); yellow light solid; R _f  = 0.15 (EtOAc-hexane = 1:2). ^¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 7.98-7.93 (m, 4 H), 7.72-7.67 (m, 2 H), 7.59-7.54 (m, 4 H), 5.22 (dd, J = 3.3, 7.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.73 (dd, J = 3.3, 11.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.51 (dd, J = 7.9, 11.0 Hz, 1 H), 2.37-2.13 (m, 2 H), 1.78-1.57 (m, 3 H), 0.85 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 3 H), 0.82 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 3 H). ^¹³C NMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃): δ = 138.0, 137.7, 134.5, 129.7, 129.5, 129.1, 129.0, 81.6, 64.7, 44.4, 29.8, 26.1, 19.4, 19.2. HRMS (ESI-TOF): m/z calcd for C₁₉H₂₅SO₂: 333.1347 [M + H]⁺; found: 333.1342.