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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1241944
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Diabetes und Hypertonie
Diabetes and hypertensionPublikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 13.8.2009
akzeptiert: 16.10.2009
Publikationsdatum:
29. Oktober 2009 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Diabetes mellitus und arterielle Hypertonie sind entscheidende kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren, die sich bei gleichzeitigem Vorliegen potenzieren. Der Nachweis einer Mikroalbuminurie ist ein wichtiger und unabhängiger Risikomarker für eine erhöhte Morbidität und Mortalität beider Erkrankungen. Regelmäßige Kontrollen sind daher obligat. Der Zielblutdruck beträgt bei Patienten mit Diabetes und arteriellem Hypertonus < 130/80 mm Hg, bei manifester Nephropathie jedoch < 125/75 mm Hg. Die Grundlage jeder Therapie ist eine Lebensstilmodifikation, diese muss folgende Therapieziele beinhalten: 1. Gewichtsreduktion, 2. regelmäßige moderate körperliche Aktivität, 3. Umstellung der Ernährung inklusive Alkohol- und Kochsalzrestriktion sowie 4. ggf. Einstellen des Nikotinkonsums. Als medika-mentöse Therapeutika sind Renin- und ACE-Inhibitoren sowie AT1-Rezeptor-Antagonisten Mittel der ersten Wahl; sie hemmen die Progression der Nephropathie effektiver als andere Antihypertensiva und sollten fester Bestandteil jeglicher Kombinationstherapie sein.
Summary
Diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension are major cardiovascular risk factors with high co-morbidity. Microalbuminuria is an independent risk marker, and routine monitoring of urinary albumin is mandatory in patients with diabetes and hypertension. The therapeutic goal of antihypertensive treatment is < 130/80 mm Hg, however in the presence of nephropathy < 125/75 mm Hg should be achieved. Therapy is based on lifestyle-interventions including 1) weight reduction, 2) regular moderate physical activity, 3) modification of diet with restriction of salt- and alcohol consumption as well as 4) cessation of smoking. Renin- and ACE-inhibitors as well as AT1-receptor antagonists are drugs of first choice, delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy most effectively.
Schlüsselwörter
Diabetes mellitus - arterielle Hypertonie - Albuminurie - kardiovaskuläres Risiko - diabetische Nephropathie
Keywords
diabetes mellitus - arterial hypertension - albuminuria - cardiovascular risk - diabetic nephropathy
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Prof. Dr. med. Hendrik Lehnert
Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum
Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck
Ratzeburger
Allee 160
23538 Lübeck
Telefon: 0451/500
2306
Fax: 0451/500 3339
eMail: Hendrik.Lehnert@uk-sh.de