Die Huntingtonsche Krankheit (HK) ist eine chronisch progrediente neurodegenerative
Erkrankung, für die es zur Zeit noch keine kausale Therapie gibt. Zum Phänotyp der
HK gehören Chorea und Dystonie, Ungeschicklichkeit, Verhaltensauffälligkeiten und
kognitiver Abbau. Die HK beginnt meist im mittleren Lebensalter. Die HK kann aber
auch Kinder und Ältere betreffen. Eine CAG–repeat–Expansion auf Chromosom 4 führt
im Huntingtinprotein zu einer N–terminalen Polyglutaminkette unterschiedlicher Länge
mit toxischer Wirkung. Tiermodelle helfen, die Pathophysiologie besser zu verstehen
und potenzielle Therapien zu entwickeln; bis dahin verbleiben symptomatische Maßnahmen
und eine sorgfältige Sozialberatung.
Huntington's disease (HD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder for which there
is no causal treatment yet. The phenotype consists of chorea and dystonia, coordination
deficits, behavioural symptoms, and cognitive decline. In most patients, HD starts
during mid–life. However, HD can also manifest in children and old age. A CAG repeat
expansion on chromosome 4 leads to an expanded polyglutamine stretch in the N–terminus
of the huntingtin protein conferring a toxic gain of function. Animal models help
to understand the pathophysiology and to develop potential treatments. At present,
there is only symptomatic treatment and careful counselling.
Key words
Huntington's disease - phenotype - differential diagnosis - genetics - management
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Korrespondenz
PD Dr. Michael Orth
Europäisches Huntington Netzwerk (EHDN) und Neurologische Klinik der Universität Ulm
Oberer Eselsberg 45/1
89081 Ulm
eMail: michael.orth@uni-ulm.de