Antivirale und viruzide Eigenschaften von ätherischen Ölen und ihren isolierten Verbindungen – Stand der präklinischen Forschung

Summary

Ätherische Öle (ÄÖ) als Vielstoffgemische sowie einzelne chemisch charakterisierte Ätherisch-Öl-Verbindungen (ÄÖV) haben zahlreiche pharmakologische Wirkungen, wie antibakterielle, antimykotische, antivirale, entzündungshemmende, immunmodulatorische, antioxidative und wundheilungsfördernde. Auf der Grundlage ausgewählter wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten befasst sich die vorliegende Übersicht mit den potenziellen antiviralen und viruziden Aktivitäten von ÄÖ und ÄÖV gegen behüllte und unbehüllte Viren. Neuere In-vitro- und In-vivo-Studien haben gezeigt, dass verschiedene Arznei- und Aromapflanzen antiviral und viruzid wirkende ÄÖ und ÄÖV enthalten, die in der Lage sind, in verschiedenen Wirtszelllinien die Vermehrung von DNA- und RNA-Viren zu behindern, indem sie wichtige Schritte des viralen Infektions-/Replikationszyklus blockieren. In-vivo-Studien an Mäusen mit Viren als Atemwegserreger haben gezeigt, dass verschiedene ÄÖ und ÄÖV das Leben infizierter Tiere verlängern, Virustiter in Gehirn und Lungengewebe reduzieren und die Biosynthese von proinflammatorischen Zytokinen hemmen können. Neuere Arbeiten auf technologischem Gebiet konnten nachweisen, dass nanoverkapselte ÄÖ/ÄÖV eine vielversprechende Möglichkeit darstellen, um die chemische Stabilität, Wasserlöslichkeit, Bioverfügbarkeit und antivirale Wirkung von ÄÖ und ÄÖV zu verbessern.

Keywords

Ätherische Öle - Ätherisch-Öl-Verbindungen - bakterielle Erkrankungen - virale Erkrankungen - Herpes simplex - behüllte Viren - unbehüllte Viren - SARS-CoV-2

Publication History

Article published online:
02 February 2024

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