RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/a-1932-5940
1,4-Naphthoquinone Derivative as Efficient Photolabile Molecule: Concise Synthesis and Photorelease of Various Functional Compounds
This work was financially supported by the operational expense of Nara Institute of Science and Technology.

Abstract
We report on a series of 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ)-based photolabile molecules, including various functional compounds to be released under light irradiation. They were efficiently prepared from a common precursor for a photoremovable masking group, by attaching different functional compounds such as alcohols, amines, and acids by a concise synthetic method. Synthesis of the common precursor was optimized for two-step reactions and also for a one-pot reaction involving a 1,4-addition and successive aldol reaction from NQ. The functional compounds, such as alcohols, amines and carboxylic, phosphoric, and sulfonic acids, were masked with the NQ-based precursor and were successfully released by irradiation with UV light (λ = 360 nm) in high yields (>90%).
Key words
photolabile molecules - photoremovable groups - 1,4-naphthoquinone - 1,4-addition - aldol reaction - photoreleaseSupporting Information
- Supporting information for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1932-5940.
- Supporting Information
Publikationsverlauf
Eingereicht: 22. Juni 2022
Angenommen nach Revision: 29. August 2022
Accepted Manuscript online:
29. August 2022
Artikel online veröffentlicht:
29. September 2022
© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
-
References
- 1 For a comprehensive review, see: Weinstain R, Slanina T, Kand D, Klan P. Chem. Rev. 2020; 120: 13135
- 2a Klan P, Solomek T, Bochet CG, Blanc A, Givens G, Rubina M, Popik V, Kostikov A, Wirz J. Chem. Rev. 2013; 113: 119
- 2b Wang J, Feng Y, Sun T, Zhang Q, Chai Y. J. Org. Chem. 2022; 87: 3402
- 3a Zivic N, Kuroishi PK, Dumur F, Gigmes D, Dove AP, Sardon H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019; 58: 10410
- 3b Martin CJ, Rapenne G, Nakashima T, Kawai T. J. Photochem. Photobiol., C 2018; 34: 41
- 3c Suyama K, Shirai M. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2009; 34: 194
- 3d Deng J, Baily S, Jiang S, Ober CK. Chem. Mater. 2022; 34: 6170
- 3e Liu B, Chen C, Teng G, Tian G, Tian G, Zhang G, Gao Y, Zhang L, Wu Z, Zhang J. Pest Manage. Sci. 2022; 78: 2299
- 4a Gunter M, Alexander H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006; 45: 4900
- 4b Anna PP, Jakob W. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2002; 1: 441
- 4c Gupta A, Gautam A, Sasmal PK. J. Med. Chem. 2022; 65: 5274
- 4d Hemelíková N, Žukauskaitė A, Pospíšil T, Strnad M, Doležal K, Mik V. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2021; 69: 12111
- 5a Hennig AS. K, Deodato D, Asad N, Herbivo C, Dore TM. J. Org. Chem. 2020; 85: 726
- 5b Hagen V, Kilic F, Schaal J, Dekowski B, Schmidt R, Kotzur N. J. Org. Chem. 2010; 75: 2790
- 5c Kamdzhilov Y, Wirz J. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2007; 6: 865
- 6a Zhang Z, Hao S, Zhu H, Wang W. J. Photochem. Photobiol., B 2008; 92: 77
- 6b Görner H. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2004; 3: 71
- 6c Brahmia O, Richard C. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2003; 2: 1038
- 6d Amada I, Yamaji M, Sase M, Shizuka H. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1995; 91: 2751
- 7a Yadav JS, Reddy BV. S, Swamy T. Tetrahedron Lett. 2003; 44: 4861
- 7b Dong Y, Mei T, Luo Q.-Q, Feng Q, Chang B, Yang F, Zhou H.-w, Shi Z.-C, Wang J.-Y, He B. RSC Adv. 2021; 11: 6776
- 8 Macia B, Fernandez-Ibanez MA, Mrsic N, Minnaard AJ, Feringa BL. Tetrahedron Lett. 2008; 49: 1877
- 9 Lamb CJ. C, Vilela F, Lee A. Org. Lett. 2019; 21: 8689
- 10 Yoshida K, Ogasawara M, Hayashi T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002; 124: 10984
- 11 We attempted to transform compound 1a into its chloroformate, but no desired product was obtained, probably because of its high reactivity.
- 12 Horn A, Kazmaier U. Org. Lett. 2019; 21: 4595
- 13 Schulte-Wülter IA, Helaja J, Göttlich R. Synthesis 2003; 1886
- 14 Neises B, Steglich W. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1978; 17: 522
- 15 More JD, Finney NS. Org. Lett. 2002; 4: 3001
- 16 Lv L, Zhu D, Li C.-J. Nat. Commun. 2019; 10: 715
- 17 Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ma C, Li J, Nishiyama Y, Tanimoto H, Morimoto T, Kakiuchi K. Tetrahedron Lett. 2016; 57: 5179
- 18a Harde C, Bohlmann F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1988; 44: 81
- 18b Karmaker R, Mal D. Tetrahedron Lett. 2011; 52: 6098
- 19 Light is absorbed at 360 nm by 15 (see Supporting Information). Therefore, as the reaction proceeds, and the amount of 15 produced increases, competitive absorption by starting material 4 and 15 is expected to occur. However, the formation of 15 would have no significant effect on the photoreaction, due to the low solubility of 15 in MeOH.
- 20 It has been disclosed by DFT calculation using Gaussian 16 (see Supporting Information).
- 21 All the UV-vis absorption spectra are shown in the Supporting Information.
- 22a Tajimi Y, Nachi Y, Inada R, Hashimoto R, Yamawaki M, Ohkubo K, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. J. Org. Chem. 2022; 87: 7405
- 22b Mumtaz S, Robertson M, Oelgemöeller M. Aust. J. Chem. 2018; 71: 634
- 22c Liao W, Ni X. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2017; 6: 381
For a review on photoprotective groups for organic synthesis, see:
For a recent paper, see:
For reviews on photoreleasing acids or bases, see:
For recent papers, see:
For reviews on photoreleasing bioactive compounds from caged compounds, see:
For recent papers, see:
For papers on hetero-Diels–Alder reactions of α-methylene-α-tetralones, see:
For selected papers on photoreactions involving the decarbonylation of carboxyl radicals, see: