Hoher Blutdruck bei Frauen – geschlechtsspezifische Besonderheiten

Die arterielle Hypertonie, insbesondere ein erhöhter systolischer Blutdruck, ist ebenso wie bei Männern auch bei Frauen der häufigste Risikofaktor für kardio- und zerebrovaskuläre Morbidität und Mortalität. Die Blutdruckregulation und die Entwicklung einer manifesten Hypertonie unterscheiden sich geschlechtsspezifisch. Zur Frage, ob die aktuellen Normwerte gleichermaßen für Männer und Frauen gelten können und zur Frage einer unterschiedlichen Wirkung und Dosierung der Antihypertensiva bei Frauen gibt es noch zu wenige Daten.

Abstract

Arterial hypertension, particularly elevated systolic blood pressure, is the most common risk factor for cardio- and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality in women as it is in men. Blood pressure regulation and the development of sustained hypertension differ by sex. There are still few data on the question of whether the current normal values can apply equally to men and women and on the question of a different effect and dosage of antihypertensive drugs in women.

Kernaussagen

• Die Blutdruckregulation und die Entwicklung einer manifesten Hypertonie unterscheiden sich geschlechtsspezifisch.

• Bei Frauen werden sie u.a. beeinflusst von den weiblichen Geschlechtshormonen, der besonderen Gefäßarchitektur und -funktion und von hypertensiven Schwangerschaftserkrankungen.

• Die Prävalenz der arteriellen Hypertonie und das Risiko sind bei Frauen stärker als bei Männern abhängig vom Alter.

• Die Blutdruckwerte sind bei Frauen in der Jugend und im jungen Erwachsenenalter niedriger als bei Männern.

• Im mittleren Lebensalter steigt der Blutdruck dann stärker an als bei Männern und das Risiko erhöht sich bereits bei niedrigeren Werten.

• In der Wirkung der unterschiedlichen Antihypertensiva zeigen sich außer bei den Kalziumantagonisten keine wesentlichen Unterschiede bei Männern und Frauen, wohl aber in den Nebenwirkungen.

Schlüsselwörter

Bluthochdruck - arterielle Hypertonie - kardiovaskuläres Risiko - Antihypertensiva - Geschlechterunterschiede

Keywords

high blood pressure - arterial hypertension - cardiovascular risk - antihypertensive drugs - gender differences

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
24. April 2023

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