Sarkopenie ist gekennzeichnet durch einen generalisierten Verlust von Muskelfunktion,
-kraft und -masse und ist in Deutschland seit 2018 im ICD-10-GM (M62.50) kodierbar.
Sarkopenie früh zu erkennen hat einen hohen präventiven Wert, denn Betroffene leiden
an einer zunehmenden Immobilität bzw. Behinderung und haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für
Stürze, Frakturen und Mortalität. Der Beitrag stellt den aktuellen Stand zur Definition
und Diagnostik vor.
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by a generalized loss of muscle function, strength and
mass and is codable in Germany since 2018 in the ICD-10-GM (M62.50). For screening
in primary care, it is possible to determine muscle function and strength by means
of a sarcopenia questionnaire (SARC-F) as a self-filler with 5 questions of restrictions.
With an increased score of 4 and higher, an examination of the musculature and a determination
of the skeletal muscle mass index should be performed via dual energy X-ray absorption
measurement (DXA) or bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA).
If hand and/or leg strength is limited, the patient has probable sarcopenia and, according
to the current revised version of the European consensus on sarcopenia, therapy can
already be started and the cause clarified. A DXA or BIA examination confirms the
diagnosis of sarcopenia by a lowered skeletal muscle index. A follow-up examination
is recommended to differentiate between acute or chronic sarcopenia and to assess
the progression of the disease. The severity of the disease is defined by additional
examinations such as gait speed, timed up and go test (TUG) and/or short physical
performance battery (SPPB). Patients with sarcopenia suffer from increasing immobility
and disability and have an increased risk of falls, fractures and mortality. Frequently,
co-morbidities should be clarified in all affected patients.
Schlüsselwörter
Sarkopenie - Geriatrie - Muskel - Stürze - geriatrisches Assessment
Key words
sarcopenia - geriatrics - muscle - falls - geriatric assessment
