Maurice Raynaud (1834–1881) und das Mysterium „Raynaud-Phänomen“

Abstract

Maurice Raynaud first described color changes and symptoms of the fingers due to cold-induced vasospasm and restricted blood flow in his medical school thesis in 1862. Raynaud’s phenomenon is common and exists as an uncomplicated primary Raynaud phenomenon and a Raynaud phenomenon secondary to underlying diseases and medication. Mechanisms contributing to altered vasoconstrictor activity are endothelial and not-endothelial. Cold-induced vasospasm is probably a thermoregulatory problem and effects are mediated by sympathetic activity and selective stimulation of alpha_2c-adrenoreceptors.

Es ist das große Verdienst von Raynaud, dass er die klinischen Symptome und Lokalbefunde des „Raynaud-Phänomens“ nicht nur beschrieb, sondern auch versuchte, diese in einen klinischen Zusammenhang zu bringen. Anfälle der lokalen Asphyxie, das plötzliche Blasswerden der Finger und Zehen („dead finger“) sowie deren Berührungs- und Schmerzempfindlichkeit unter Kälte und Erregung: bis heute ein „Phänomen“!

Schlüsselwörter

Triggerfaktor - Hand-Arm-Vibrationstätigkeit - Reperfusionsschaden - Prostazykline - Sklerodermie

Key words

trigger factor - hand-arm vibration activity - reperfusion injury - prostacyclins - scleroderma

• Literatur

• 1 Raynaud M. Local asphyxia and symmetrical gangrene of the extremities. In: Selected Monographs: Raynaud’s two essays on local asphyxia London: The New Sydenham Society; 1888
• 2 Andrews J. Maurice R Raynaud and his protean disease. J Med Biography 1997; 5: 46-50
• 3 Kaiser H. Maurice Raynaud (1834–1881) und das nach ihm benannte Syndrom. Z Rheumatol 2011; 70: 620-624
• 4 Vava A, Boin F. Historical Perspective of Raynaud’s Phenomenon. In: Wigley FM, Herrick AL, Flavahan NA. (eds) Raynaud’s Phenomenon. A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment. New York: Springer; 2015
• 5 Barlow T. Three cases of Raynaud’s disease. Trans Clin Soc London 1883; 16: 179-188
• 6 Osler W. The principles and practice of medicine. 1st. ed New York: D. Appleton and Co; 1892
• 7 Hutchinson J. Raynaud’s phenomenon. Med Press Circ 1901; 72: 403-405
• 8 Lewis T. Observations upon the reactions of the vessels of the human skin to cold. Heart 1929; 15: 177-208
• 9 Lewis T. Experiments relating to the peripheral mechanism involved in spasmodic arrest of the circulation of the fingers. A variety of Raynaud’s disease. Heart 1929; 15: 7-101
• 10 Allen E, Brown G. Raynaud’s disease: a critical review of the minimum requisites for diagnosis. Am J Med Sci 1932; 183: 187-200
• 11 Allen E, Brown G. Raynaud’s disease affecting men. Ann Intern Med 1932; 5: 1384-1386
• 12 LeRoy EC, Medsger Jr TA. Raynaud’s phenomenon; a proposal for classification. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1992; 10: 485-488
• 13 Chotani MA, Flavahan S, Mitra S. et al. Silent alpha_2c-adrenergic receptors enable cold-induced vasoconstriction in cutaneous arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000; 278: 1075-1083
• 14 Flavahan NA. Thermoregulation: The Normal Structure and Function of the Cutaneous Vascular System. In: Wigley FM, Herrick AL, Flavahan NA. (eds) Raynaud’s Phenomenon. A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment. New York: Springer; 2015
• 15 Flavahan NA. Pathophysiological Regulation of the Cutaneous Vascular System in Raynaud’s Phenomenon. In: Wigley FM, Herrick AL, Flavahan NA. (eds) Raynaud’s Phenomenon. A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment. New York: Springer; 2015
• 16 Wigley FM, Flavahan NA. Raynaud’s Phenomenon. N Engl J Med 2016; 375: 556-565
• 17 Guiducci S, Matucci-Cerinic M. Definition, Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria. In: Wigley FM, Herrick AL, Flavahan NA. (eds) Raynaud’s Phenomenon. A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment. New York: Springer; 2015
• 18 Maundrell A, Proudman SM. Epidemiology of Raynaud’s Phenomenon. In: Wigley FM, Herrick AL, Flavahan NA. (eds) Raynaud’s Phenomenon. A Guide to Pathogenesis and Treatment. New York: Springer; 2015
• 19 Fardoun MM, Nassif J, Issa K. et al. Raynaud’s Phenomenon: A Brief Review of the Underlying Mechanisms. Frontiers in Pharmacology 2016; 7: 438
• 20 Eid AH, Maiti K, Mitra S. et al. Estrogen increases smooth muscle expression of alpha2c-adrenoreceptors and cold-induced constriction of cutaneous arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 293: 1955-1961
• 21 Nilsson T, Wahlström J, Burströ L. Hand-arm vibration and the risk of vascular and neurological diseases – A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE 2017; 12: e0180795
• 22 Wahl U, Kaden I, Köhler A. et al. Vascular trauma of the hand – a systematic review. Vasa 2019; 48: 205-215 . doi:10.1024/0301-1526/a000743 //SIE hatten 1–11 geschrieben, bitte prüfen//
• 23 Jamieson GG, Ludbrook J, Wilson A. Cold hypersensitivity in Raynaud’s phenomenon. Circulation 1971; 44: 254-264
• 24 Freedmann RR, Mayes MD, Sabharwal SC. Induction of vasospastic attacks despite digital nerve block in Raynaud’s disease and phenomenon. Circulation 1989; 80: 859-862
• 25 Halpern A, Kuhn PH, Shaftel H. et al. Raynaud’s disease, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and serotonin. Angiology 1960; 11: 151-167