Management der akuten Exazerbation der chronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (COPD)

Der Begriff „Exazerbation” leitet sich aus dem lateinischen „acerbus” ab und bedeutet herb, bitter, aber auch finster, unfreundlich oder heftig (Schmerz), schmerzlich. Mit „Exazerbation” wird folglich eine Verschlimmerung einer vorbestehenden Situation beschrieben. Die Exazerbation der COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) umschreibt die Eskalation einer vorliegenden Erkrankung und impliziert die Notwendigkeit einer intensiveren Betreuung des betroffenen Patienten. Die akute Exazerbation kann zu einer lebensbedrohlichen Situation mit respiratorischer Insuffizienz und hohem Mortalitätsrisiko führen.

Die vorliegende Übersicht beschreibt Ursachen, pathophysiologische Grundlagen, Prophylaxe und Therapieoptionen der COPD-Exazerbation, wobei auf die detaillierte Beschreibung intensivmedizinischer Behandlungsoptionen bewusst verzichtet wird.

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